महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-53, verse-27

पार्थं च स महाबाहुर्महावेगैर्महारथः ।
विव्याध निशितैर्बाणैर्मेघो वृष्ट्येव पर्वतम् ॥२७॥

27. pārthaṁ ca sa mahābāhurmahāvegairmahārathaḥ ,
vivyādha niśitairbāṇairmegho vṛṣṭyeva parvatam.

27. pārtham ca saḥ mahābāhuḥ mahāvegaiḥ mahārathaḥ
vivyādha niśitaiḥ bāṇaiḥ meghaḥ vṛṣṭyā iva parvatam

27. And that mighty-armed, great warrior, with sharp arrows and great force, pierced Arjuna, just as a cloud showers a mountain with rain.

Words meanings summery:

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā)

• च (ca) - and, also

• सः (saḥ) - Bharadvaja (he)

• महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - Refers to Bharadvaja, indicating his strength. (mighty-armed, great-armed)

• महावेगैः (mahāvegaiḥ) - Describing the arrows or the act of piercing. (with great speed, with great force)

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - Refers to Bharadvaja. (great warrior, commander of a large chariot force)

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - he pierced, wounded

• निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - Describing arrows. (with sharp, keen, sharpened)

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows

• मेघः (meghaḥ) - cloud

• वृष्ट्या (vṛṣṭyā) - with rain

• इव (iva) - Used for simile. (like, as, as if)

• पर्वतम् (parvatam) - mountain

Words meanings and morphology

पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kunti), Arjuna

Patronymic from 'Pṛthā'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

सः (saḥ) - Bharadvaja (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - Refers to Bharadvaja, indicating his strength. (mighty-armed, great-armed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed, strong-armed

Bahuvrīhi compound: "whose arms are great".

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+bāhu)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective
  From root 'mah' (to grow, be great).
  Root: mah (class 1)
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

महावेगैः (mahāvegaiḥ) - Describing the arrows or the act of piercing. (with great speed, with great force)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahāvega

mahāvega - of great speed, very swift, powerful

Compound of 'mahat' (great) and 'vega' (speed, force).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+vega)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective
  From root 'mah' (to grow, be great).
  Root: mah (class 1)
• vega – speed, velocity, force, impulse
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'vij' (to move rapidly).
  Root: vij (class 6)

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - Refers to Bharadvaja. (great warrior, commander of a large chariot force)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great warrior, one who can fight a thousand warriors, owning a great chariot

Compound of 'mahat' (great) and 'ratha' (chariot/warrior on chariot).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+ratha)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective
  From root 'mah' (to grow, be great).
  Root: mah (class 1)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'rath' (to move swiftly).
  Root: rath (class 1)

विव्याध (vivyādha) - he pierced, wounded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vyadh

Perfect Tense

Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular. Reduplicated form.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - Describing arrows. (with sharp, keen, sharpened)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśita

niśita - sharp, keen, sharpened

Past Passive Participle

From root 'śo/śi' (to sharpen) with prefix 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: śo (class 4)

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

From root 'śṝ' (to tear, break) + suffix (alternative derivation also 'bāṇ' to sound)

Root: śṝ (class 9)

मेघः (meghaḥ) - cloud

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of megha

megha - cloud

From root 'mih' (to sprinkle, urinate).

Root: mih (class 1)

वृष्ट्या (vṛṣṭyā) - with rain

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vṛṣṭi

vṛṣṭi - rain, shower

From root 'vṛṣ' (to rain, shower).

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

इव (iva) - Used for simile. (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing comparison.

पर्वतम् (parvatam) - mountain

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parvata

parvata - mountain, hill

Root: pṛ (class 1)