महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-53, verse-51

ततो नागा रथाश्चैव सादिनश्च विशां पते ।
शोणिताक्ता व्यदृश्यन्त पुष्पिता इव किंशुकाः ॥५१॥

51. tato nāgā rathāścaiva sādinaśca viśāṁ pate ,
śoṇitāktā vyadṛśyanta puṣpitā iva kiṁśukāḥ.

51. tataḥ nāgā rathāḥ ca eva sādinaḥ ca viśām pate
śoṇita-āktā vyadṛśyanta puṣpitāḥ iva kiṃśukāḥ

51. Then, O lord of the people, elephants, chariots, and horsemen, smeared with blood, appeared like blossoming kiṃśuka trees.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

• नागा (nāgā) - war elephants (elephants, serpents (nāgas))

• रथाः (rathāḥ) - chariots

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

• सादिनः (sādinaḥ) - cavalry (horsemen, riders)

• च (ca) - and, also

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

• पते (pate) - O king (Dhṛtarāṣṭra, if this is a narration) (O lord, O master)

• शोणित-आक्ता (śoṇita-āktā) - smeared with blood, covered in blood

• व्यदृश्यन्त (vyadṛśyanta) - they appeared, they were seen

• पुष्पिताः (puṣpitāḥ) - blossoming, flowered, in bloom

• इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

• किंशुकाः (kiṁśukāḥ) - kiṃśuka trees (Butea monosperma)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

(indeclinable)

नागा (nāgā) - war elephants (elephants, serpents (nāgas))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nāga

nāga - snake, serpent; elephant (especially in warfare); a mountain

रथाः (rathāḥ) - chariots

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ramh (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

(indeclinable)

सादिनः (sādinaḥ) - cavalry (horsemen, riders)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sādin

sādin - horseman, rider; one who sits in a chariot

From root `sad` (to sit) + suffix `in`.

Root: sad (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subjects, community, clan

Root: viś (class 6)

पते (pate) - O king (Dhṛtarāṣṭra, if this is a narration) (O lord, O master)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband, ruler

Note: Often used in Mahabharata by Sanjaya to address Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

शोणित-आक्ता (śoṇita-āktā) - smeared with blood, covered in blood

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śoṇitākta

śoṇitākta - smeared with blood, covered in blood

Compound type : tatpurusha (śoṇita+ākta)

• śoṇita – blood, red
  noun (neuter)
• ākta – smeared, anointed, covered
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `añj` (to smear, anoint).
  Root: añj (class 7)

Note: Modifies `nāgāḥ`, `rathāḥ`, and `sādinaḥ`.

व्यदृश्यन्त (vyadṛśyanta) - they appeared, they were seen

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, imperfect past (laṅ) of dṛś

imperfect tense

Passive voice, Atmanepada, with prefix `vi-`.

Prefix: vi

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पुष्पिताः (puṣpitāḥ) - blossoming, flowered, in bloom

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puṣpita

puṣpita - flowered, blossomed, adorned with flowers

Past Passive Participle

Denominative verb derived from `puṣpa` (flower) + `ita` suffix meaning 'having flowers'.

Note: Modifies `kiṃśukāḥ`.

इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

(indeclinable)

किंशुकाः (kiṁśukāḥ) - kiṃśuka trees (Butea monosperma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kiṃśuka

kiṁśuka - the kiṃśuka tree (Butea monosperma), known for its bright red/orange flowers