महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-53, verse-18

ततोऽस्मै प्राहिणोद्द्रोणः शरानधिकविंशतिम् ।
अप्राप्तांश्चैव तान्पार्थश्चिच्छेद कृतहस्तवत् ॥१८॥

18. tato'smai prāhiṇoddroṇaḥ śarānadhikaviṁśatim ,
aprāptāṁścaiva tānpārthaściccheda kṛtahastavat.

18. tataḥ asmai prāhiṇot droṇaḥ śarān adhikaviṃśatim
aprāptān ca eva tān pārthaḥ ciccheda kṛtahastavat

18. Thereupon, Drona discharged more than twenty arrows at him. But Arjuna, with the skill of a practiced hand, intercepted and cut them all down before they could reach their target.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - thereupon (then, thereupon, from that)

• अस्मै (asmai) - to him (Arjuna) (to him)

• प्राहिणोत् (prāhiṇot) - he (Drona) dispatched (he sent, he dispatched)

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona (the preceptor) (Drona (name of a character))

• शरान् (śarān) - arrows (as projectiles) (arrows)

• अधिकविंशतिम् (adhikaviṁśatim) - more than twenty

• अप्राप्तान् (aprāptān) - before they reached (the target) (not reached, unobtained)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, quite (indeed, only, just)

• तान् (tān) - those (arrows) (those, them)

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā, Arjuna)

• चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - he (Arjuna) cut them down (he cut, he pierced)

• कृतहस्तवत् (kṛtahastavat) - like a master archer (like a skilled person, like an expert archer)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - thereupon (then, thereupon, from that)

(indeclinable)

अस्मै (asmai) - to him (Arjuna) (to him)

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

प्राहिणोत् (prāhiṇot) - he (Drona) dispatched (he sent, he dispatched)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prahi

Prefix: pra

Root: hi (class 5)

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona (the preceptor) (Drona (name of a character))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (a proper name, the preceptor of the Pandavas and Kauravas)

शरान् (śarān) - arrows (as projectiles) (arrows)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

अधिकविंशतिम् (adhikaviṁśatim) - more than twenty

(compound noun)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (adhika+viṃśati)

• adhika – more, exceeding, additional
  adjective (masculine)
• viṃśati – twenty
  noun (feminine)

Note: Acts as an adjective for 'śarān'.

अप्राप्तान् (aprāptān) - before they reached (the target) (not reached, unobtained)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aprāpta

aprāpta - unreached, unobtained, not arrived

Past Passive Participle

Negated compound: a + prāpta (from pra-√āp)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+prāpta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• prāpta – reached, obtained, arrived
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from pra-√āp
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Modifies 'tān' (those arrows).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, quite (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

तान् (tān) - those (arrows) (those, them)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the arrows (śarān).

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā, Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kunti), an epithet of Arjuna, Yudhishthira, Bhima

Derivative from Pṛthā (Kunti)

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - he (Arjuna) cut them down (he cut, he pierced)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of chid

Root: chid (class 7)

Note: Reduplicated perfect.

कृतहस्तवत् (kṛtahastavat) - like a master archer (like a skilled person, like an expert archer)

(indeclinable)

Compound: kṛta (done/practiced) + hasta (hand). Often used to denote skill.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (kṛta+hasta)

• kṛta – done, made, performed, practiced
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• hasta – hand
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial usage, 'like a skilled person'.