महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-53, verse-55

अथान्तरिक्षे नादोऽभूद्द्रोणं तत्र प्रशंसताम् ।
दुष्करं कृतवान्द्रोणो यदर्जुनमयोधयत् ॥५५॥

55. athāntarikṣe nādo'bhūddroṇaṁ tatra praśaṁsatām ,
duṣkaraṁ kṛtavāndroṇo yadarjunamayodhayat.

55. atha antarikṣe nādaḥ abhūt droṇam tatra praśaṃsatām
duṣkaram kṛtavān droṇaḥ yat arjunam ayodhayat

55. Then, a cry arose in the sky from those praising Droṇa, saying, 'Droṇa has accomplished a difficult feat by fighting Arjuna!'

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, next, now

• अन्तरिक्षे (antarikṣe) - in the sky, in the intermediate space

• नादः (nādaḥ) - a sound, a cry, a roar

• अभूत् (abhūt) - arose, was, became

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that situation

• प्रशंसताम् (praśaṁsatām) - of those praising

• दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - a difficult deed, a hard task

• कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - he has done, he performed

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa

• यत् (yat) - that, because, in that

• अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - Arjuna

• अयोधयत् (ayodhayat) - he fought

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, next, now

(indeclinable)

अन्तरिक्षे (antarikṣe) - in the sky, in the intermediate space

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of antarikṣa

antarikṣa - sky, atmosphere, intermediate space

Note: Indicates location.

नादः (nādaḥ) - a sound, a cry, a roar

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāda

nāda - sound, cry, roar, noise

From root nad (to sound, roar).

Root: nad (class 1)

अभूत् (abhūt) - arose, was, became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of bhū

Aorist (luṅ) third person singular of root bhū.

Root: bhū (class 1)

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of a preceptor)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that situation

(indeclinable)

From tad (that) + locative suffix tra.

प्रशंसताम् (praśaṁsatām) - of those praising

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of praśaṃsat

praśaṁsat - praising, eulogizing

Present Active Participle

From root śaṃs (to praise) with upasarga pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Possessive (of those praising).

दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - a difficult deed, a hard task

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duṣkara

duṣkara - difficult to do, hard, arduous, impossible

Compound type : nitya-samāsa (dus+kara)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness.
• kara – doing, making, action, agent of action
  noun (masculine/neuter)
  From root kṛ (to do).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - he has done, he performed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtavat

kṛtavat - having done, performed

Past Active Participle

From root kṛ (to do) with ktavatū suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Can function as a finite verb in narrative prose.

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of a preceptor)

यत् (yat) - that, because, in that

(indeclinable)

Relative pronoun yad used as a conjunction.

अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava prince)

अयोधयत् (ayodhayat) - he fought

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of yudh

Causal (ṇic) of root yudh, Imperfect (laṅ) third person singular. 'He caused to fight' or 'he fought'.

Root: yudh (class 4)