महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-42, verse-7

प्राग्ज्योतिषपुरं यातानस्माञ्ज्ञात्वा नृशंसकृत् ।
अदहद्द्वारकामेष स्वस्रीयः सन्नराधिपाः ॥७॥

7. prāgjyotiṣapuraṁ yātānasmāñjñātvā nṛśaṁsakṛt ,
adahaddvārakāmeṣa svasrīyaḥ sannarādhipāḥ.

7. prāgjyotiṣapuram yātān asmān jñātvā nṛśaṃsakṛt
adahat dvārakām eṣa svasrīyaḥ san narādhipāḥ

7. O kings, knowing that we had gone to Prāgjyotiṣapura, this cruel individual burned Dvārakā, even though he was our own nephew.

Words meanings summery:

• प्राग्ज्योतिषपुरम् (prāgjyotiṣapuram) - Refers to the city of Prāgjyotiṣapura, identified as modern-day Guwahati in Assam. (the city of Prāgjyotiṣa)

• यातान् (yātān) - gone, having gone

• अस्मान् (asmān) - us

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, knowing

• नृशंसकृत् (nṛśaṁsakṛt) - Refers to Kṛṣṇa, characterized as cruel by the speaker. (doer of cruelty, cruel one, perpetrator of violence)

• अदहद् (adahad) - burned

• द्वारकाम् (dvārakām) - Refers to the city of Dvārakā, the capital of the Yadu kingdom. (Dvārakā)

• एष (eṣa) - this, this one

• स्वस्रीयः (svasrīyaḥ) - Refers to Kṛṣṇa, who was the nephew of the speaker (Jarāsandha or another king). (sister's son, nephew)

• सन् (san) - even though being (being, existing)

• नराधिपाः (narādhipāḥ) - O kings, O rulers of men

Words meanings and morphology

प्राग्ज्योतिषपुरम् (prāgjyotiṣapuram) - Refers to the city of Prāgjyotiṣapura, identified as modern-day Guwahati in Assam. (the city of Prāgjyotiṣa)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prāgjyotiṣapura

prāgjyotiṣapura - city of Prāgjyotiṣa

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāgjyotiṣa+pura)

• prāgjyotiṣa – a region/city name in ancient India
  proper noun (neuter)
• pura – city, town, stronghold
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of motion 'yātān'.

यातान् (yātān) - gone, having gone

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of yāta

yāta - gone, arrived, passed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'yā' (to go) + past passive participle suffix 'kta'. Often used as an adjective or substantive.

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'asmān'.

अस्मान् (asmān) - us

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Object of 'jñātvā'.

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, knowing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'jñā' (to know) + suffix 'tvā'.

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb 'adahad'.

नृशंसकृत् (nṛśaṁsakṛt) - Refers to Kṛṣṇa, characterized as cruel by the speaker. (doer of cruelty, cruel one, perpetrator of violence)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛśaṃsakṛt

nṛśaṁsakṛt - one who acts cruelly, cruel-doer

Compound formed from 'nṛśaṃsa' (cruel) and 'kṛt' (doer, from root 'kṛ').

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛśaṃsa+kṛt)

• nṛśaṃsa – cruel, wicked, savage
  adjective (masculine)
• kṛt – doer, maker
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root 'kṛ' (to do, make) + Kṛt suffix 'kvip' (zero suffix for agent).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of 'adahad'.

अदहद् (adahad) - burned

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dah

Root: dah (class 1)

द्वारकाम् (dvārakām) - Refers to the city of Dvārakā, the capital of the Yadu kingdom. (Dvārakā)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dvārakā

dvārakā - name of a city

Note: Object of the verb 'adahad'.

एष (eṣa) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Reinforces 'nṛśaṃsakṛt' as the subject.

स्वस्रीयः (svasrīyaḥ) - Refers to Kṛṣṇa, who was the nephew of the speaker (Jarāsandha or another king). (sister's son, nephew)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svasrīya

svasrīya - sister's son, nephew

Derived from 'svasṛ' (sister).

Note: Predicate nominative with 'san'.

सन् (san) - even though being (being, existing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, real

Present Active Participle

From root 'as' (to be) + present active participle suffix 'śatṛ'.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Participle agreeing with 'eṣa' and 'svasrīyaḥ'. Implies a concession 'even though he was'.

नराधिपाः (narādhipāḥ) - O kings, O rulers of men

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of narādhipa

narādhipa - lord of men, king

Compound: nara (men) + adhipa (lord).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, master
  noun (masculine)
  From 'adhi' (prefix) + root 'pā' (to protect).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: An address to the audience.