महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-42, verse-40

भ्रातुर्वचनमाज्ञाय पाण्डवा धर्मचारिणः ।
यथार्हं नृपमुख्यांस्तानेकैकं समनुव्रजन् ॥४०॥

40. bhrāturvacanamājñāya pāṇḍavā dharmacāriṇaḥ ,
yathārhaṁ nṛpamukhyāṁstānekaikaṁ samanuvrajan.

40. bhrātuḥ vacanam ājñāya pāṇḍavāḥ dharmacāriṇaḥ
yathārham nṛpamukhyān tān ekaikam samanuvrajan

40. The Pāṇḍavas, who adhered to righteousness (dharma), understanding their brother's instruction, accompanied those principal kings one by one, as was appropriate.

Words meanings summery:

• भ्रातुः (bhrātuḥ) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira. (of the brother)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, command, speech

• आज्ञाय (ājñāya) - having known, having understood, having acknowledged

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas

• धर्मचारिणः (dharmacāriṇaḥ) - followers of righteousness (dharma), righteous ones

• यथार्हम् (yathārham) - as deserved, appropriately, duly, fittingly

• नृपमुख्यान् (nṛpamukhyān) - chief kings, principal kings

• तान् (tān) - those (ones)

• एकैकम् (ekaikam) - one by one, each individually

• समनुव्रजन् (samanuvrajan) - they followed, they accompanied

Words meanings and morphology

भ्रातुः (bhrātuḥ) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira. (of the brother)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, command, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, saying, command

From root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of `ājñāya`.

आज्ञाय (ājñāya) - having known, having understood, having acknowledged

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from prefix ā- + root jñā (to know) + suffix -ya

Prefix: ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, name of the Pāṇḍava brothers

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu

Note: Subject of `samanuvrajan`.

धर्मचारिणः (dharmacāriṇaḥ) - followers of righteousness (dharma), righteous ones

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmacārin

dharmacārin - one who practices dharma, righteous, follower of duty

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+cārin)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• cārin – one who moves, practises, follows
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  From root car 'to move, practice'
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `pāṇḍavāḥ`.

यथार्हम् (yathārham) - as deserved, appropriately, duly, fittingly

(indeclinable)

Formed from yathā (as) + arha (deserving)

नृपमुख्यान् (nṛpamukhyān) - chief kings, principal kings

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nṛpamukhya

nṛpamukhya - chief of kings, principal king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛpa+mukhya)

• nṛpa – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• mukhya – chief, principal, foremost
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Object of `samanuvrajan`.

तान् (tān) - those (ones)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun

एकैकम् (ekaikam) - one by one, each individually

(indeclinable)

Reduplication of eka, often used adverbially

Note: Describes the manner of accompanying.

समनुव्रजन् (samanuvrajan) - they followed, they accompanied

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of samanuvraj

Imperfect active

Imperfect third person plural active of root vraj with prefixes sam- and anu-

Prefixes: sam+anu

Root: vraj (class 1)

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas.