महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-42, verse-39

राजानः सर्व एवैते प्रीत्यास्मान्समुपागताः ।
प्रस्थिताः स्वानि राष्ट्राणि मामापृच्छ्य परंतपाः ।
तेऽनुव्रजत भद्रं वो विषयान्तं नृपोत्तमान् ॥३९॥

39. rājānaḥ sarva evaite prītyāsmānsamupāgatāḥ ,
prasthitāḥ svāni rāṣṭrāṇi māmāpṛcchya paraṁtapāḥ ,
te'nuvrajata bhadraṁ vo viṣayāntaṁ nṛpottamān.

39. rājānaḥ sarve eva ete prītyā asmān
samupāgatāḥ prasthitāḥ svāni rāṣṭrāṇi
mām apṛcchya parantapāḥ te anuvrajata
bhadram vaḥ viṣayāntam nṛpottamān

39. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'O tormentors of foes (parantapa), all these kings came to us with affection. They have now departed for their own kingdoms without taking leave of me. Therefore, you (my brothers) should accompany these excellent kings up to the border of their territories. May good fortune be upon you!'

Words meanings summery:

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings, rulers

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly, just

• एते (ete) - these (ones)

• प्रीत्या (prītyā) - with affection, out of love, gladly

• अस्मान् (asmān) - us

• समुपागताः (samupāgatāḥ) - approached, arrived, came near

• प्रस्थिताः (prasthitāḥ) - having departed, set out, gone forth

• स्वानि (svāni) - their own

• राष्ट्राणि (rāṣṭrāṇi) - kingdoms, countries

• माम् (mām) - me

• अपृच्छ्य (apṛcchya) - without asking, without taking leave

• परन्तपाः (parantapāḥ) - Addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira's brothers (the Pāṇḍavas). (O tormentors of foes, O subduers of enemies)

• ते (te) - you (plural)

• अनुव्रजत (anuvrajata) - you all follow, you all accompany

• भद्रम् (bhadram) - good, auspicious, welfare

• वः (vaḥ) - to you (plural), for you (plural)

• विषयान्तम् (viṣayāntam) - up to the border of the country/region

• नृपोत्तमान् (nṛpottamān) - the best of kings, excellent kings

Words meanings and morphology

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings, rulers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Refers to `rājānaḥ`.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly, just

(indeclinable)

एते (ete) - these (ones)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to `rājānaḥ`.

प्रीत्या (prītyā) - with affection, out of love, gladly

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of prīti

prīti - love, affection, joy, pleasure

From root prī (to please)

Root: prī (class 9)

अस्मान् (asmān) - us

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person personal pronoun

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira and his brothers.

समुपागताः (samupāgatāḥ) - approached, arrived, came near

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samupāgata

samupāgata - approached, arrived, come together

Past Passive Participle

Formed from prefix sam- + upa- + root gam (to go)

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to `rājānaḥ`.

प्रस्थिताः (prasthitāḥ) - having departed, set out, gone forth

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prasthita

prasthita - departed, set out, gone forth

Past Passive Participle

Formed from prefix pra- + root sthā (to stand)

Prefix: pra

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Refers to `rājānaḥ`.

स्वानि (svāni) - their own

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of sva

sva - own, one's own

Note: Agrees with `rāṣṭrāṇi`.

राष्ट्राणि (rāṣṭrāṇi) - kingdoms, countries

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of rāṣṭra

rāṣṭra - kingdom, country, realm

From root rāj (to rule)

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Object of `prasthitāḥ` (implicitly, they set out for their kingdoms).

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person personal pronoun

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira. Object of `apṛcchya`.

अपृच्छ्य (apṛcchya) - without asking, without taking leave

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund) with negative prefix

Formed from prefix a- (negative) + root pracch (to ask) + suffix -ya

Prefix: a

Root: pracch (class 6)

Note: Describes the manner of departure.

परन्तपाः (parantapāḥ) - Addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira's brothers (the Pāṇḍavas). (O tormentors of foes, O subduers of enemies)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of parantapa

parantapa - tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies

Formed from para (enemy) + tapa (one who torments)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+tapa)

• para – other, enemy, supreme
  noun (masculine)
• tapa – one who torments, heat, penance
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  From root tap 'to heat, torment'
  Root: tap (class 1)

ते (te) - you (plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of tvad

tvad - you

Second person personal pronoun

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas (brothers).

अनुव्रजत (anuvrajata) - you all follow, you all accompany

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of anuvraj

Imperative active

Imperative second person plural active of root vraj with prefix anu

Prefix: anu

Root: vraj (class 1)

Note: The command is given to Yudhiṣṭhira's brothers.

भद्रम् (bhadram) - good, auspicious, welfare

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhadra

bhadra - good, auspicious, blessed, welfare

Note: Used in an optative sense, 'may there be welfare'.

वः (vaḥ) - to you (plural), for you (plural)

(pronoun)

Dative, plural of tvad

tvad - you

Second person personal pronoun

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas (brothers).

विषयान्तम् (viṣayāntam) - up to the border of the country/region

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viṣayānta

viṣayānta - border of a region, end of a country

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (viṣaya+anta)

• viṣaya – region, territory, object of sense, domain
  noun (masculine)
• anta – end, border, limit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates the extent of the action `anuvrajata`.

नृपोत्तमान् (nṛpottamān) - the best of kings, excellent kings

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nṛpottama

nṛpottama - best of kings, excellent king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛpa+uttama)

• nṛpa – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, highest, excellent
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Object of `anuvrajata`.