महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-42, verse-21

तथा ब्रुवत एवास्य भगवान्मधुसूदनः ।
व्यपाहरच्छिरः क्रुद्धश्चक्रेणामित्रकर्षणः ।
स पपात महाबाहुर्वज्राहत इवाचलः ॥२१॥

21. tathā bruvata evāsya bhagavānmadhusūdanaḥ ,
vyapāharacchiraḥ kruddhaścakreṇāmitrakarṣaṇaḥ ,
sa papāta mahābāhurvajrāhata ivācalaḥ.

21. tathā bruvataḥ eva asya bhagavān
madhusūdanaḥ vyapāharat śiraḥ kruddhaḥ
cakreṇa amitrakarṣaṇaḥ | sa
papāta mahābāhuḥ vajrāhataḥ iva acalaḥ

21. As he was speaking thus, the glorious (bhagavān) Madhusūdana (madhusūdana), who destroys his enemies (amitrakarṣaṇa) and was enraged, severed his head with his discus. The mighty-armed (mahābāhu) Śiśupāla then fell like a mountain struck by a thunderbolt (vajra).

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - Referring to Śiśupāla's disrespectful speech. (thus, so, in that manner)

• ब्रुवतः (bruvataḥ) - While Śiśupāla was speaking. (of him speaking, while speaking)

• एव (eva) - 'just as he was speaking' - emphasizes immediacy. (indeed, just, precisely)

• अस्य (asya) - Refers to Śiśupāla. (of him, his, of this)

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - The divine Lord Krishna. (glorious, divine, fortunate, prosperous, Lord (bhagavān))

• मधुसूदनः (madhusūdanaḥ) - Krishna, as the protagonist. (Madhusūdana (madhusūdana), slayer of Madhu)

• व्यपाहरत् (vyapāharat) - Krishna severed Śiśupāla's head. (carried away, removed, severed, took away)

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - Śiśupāla's head. (head)

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - Krishna was angry. (angry, enraged)

• चक्रेण (cakreṇa) - By Krishna's Sudarśana Chakra. (by the discus, by the wheel)

• अमित्रकर्षणः (amitrakarṣaṇaḥ) - An epithet for Krishna. (destroyer of enemies, tormentor of enemies)

• स (sa) - Refers to Śiśupāla. (he, that)

• पपात (papāta) - Śiśupāla fell to the ground. (fell, dropped)

• महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - Refers to Śiśupāla, a powerful warrior. (mighty-armed, great-armed)

• वज्राहतः (vajrāhataḥ) - Simile describing Śiśupāla's sudden fall. (struck by a thunderbolt (vajra))

• इव (iva) - Introduces a simile. (like, as, as if)

• अचलः (acalaḥ) - The object of comparison for Śiśupāla's fall. (a mountain, immovable)

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - Referring to Śiśupāla's disrespectful speech. (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

Note: Modifies `bruvataḥ`.

ब्रुवतः (bruvataḥ) - While Śiśupāla was speaking. (of him speaking, while speaking)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bruvat

bruvat - speaking, saying

present active participle

From `brū` (to speak) + `śatṛ`.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Used with `asya`.

एव (eva) - 'just as he was speaking' - emphasizes immediacy. (indeed, just, precisely)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

अस्य (asya) - Refers to Śiśupāla. (of him, his, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Genitive singular masculine/neuter of `idam`.

भगवान् (bhagavān) - The divine Lord Krishna. (glorious, divine, fortunate, prosperous, Lord (bhagavān))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - glorious, divine, fortunate, venerable, Lord (bhagavān)

From `bhaga` + `matup`.

Note: Qualifies Madhusūdana.

मधुसूदनः (madhusūdanaḥ) - Krishna, as the protagonist. (Madhusūdana (madhusūdana), slayer of Madhu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madhusūdana

madhusūdana - slayer of Madhu (madhusūdana)

Compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (madhu+sūdana)

• madhu – honey, sweet; demon Madhu
  noun (masculine)
• sūdana – slayer, destroyer
  noun (masculine)
  From `sūd` (to kill).
  Root: sūd (class 10)

Note: Subject of `vyapāharat`.

व्यपाहरत् (vyapāharat) - Krishna severed Śiśupāla's head. (carried away, removed, severed, took away)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vyapahṛ

imperfect active

`vi` + `apa` + `hṛ` (1st class root) + `aṭ` (augment) + `at` (3rd singular active ending).

Prefixes: vi+apa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

शिरः (śiraḥ) - Śiśupāla's head. (head)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, skull, top

`s`-stem noun.

Note: Object of `vyapāharat`.

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - Krishna was angry. (angry, enraged)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, furious

past passive participle

From `krudh` (to be angry) + `kta`.

Root: krudh (class 4)

चक्रेण (cakreṇa) - By Krishna's Sudarśana Chakra. (by the discus, by the wheel)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of cakra

cakra - wheel, discus, cycle, realm

Root: kṛ

अमित्रकर्षणः (amitrakarṣaṇaḥ) - An epithet for Krishna. (destroyer of enemies, tormentor of enemies)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amitrakarṣaṇa

amitrakarṣaṇa - drawing away foes, subduing adversaries, destroyer of enemies

Compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (amitra+karṣaṇa)

• amitra – enemy, foe; not a friend
  noun (masculine)
  Negative compound (nañ-tatpuruṣa) of `mitra`.
• karṣaṇa – drawing, dragging, tormenting, destroying
  noun (masculine)
  From root `kṛṣ` (to drag, pull).
  Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

स (sa) - Refers to Śiśupāla. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Nominative singular masculine of `tad`.

Note: Subject of `papāta`.

पपात (papāta) - Śiśupāla fell to the ground. (fell, dropped)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of pat

perfect active

`pat` (1st class root), reduplicated `pa-pat` + `a` (3rd singular active perfect ending).

Root: pat (class 1)

महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - Refers to Śiśupāla, a powerful warrior. (mighty-armed, great-armed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed, strong-armed

Compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+bāhu)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

वज्राहतः (vajrāhataḥ) - Simile describing Śiśupāla's sudden fall. (struck by a thunderbolt (vajra))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vajrāhata

vajrāhata - struck by a thunderbolt (vajra)

Compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (vajra+āhata)

• vajra – thunderbolt (vajra), diamond
  noun (masculine)
• āhata – struck, hit, beaten
  participle (masculine)
  past passive participle
  From `ā` + `han` (to strike).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Part of the simile.

इव (iva) - Introduces a simile. (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing comparison.

अचलः (acalaḥ) - The object of comparison for Śiśupāla's fall. (a mountain, immovable)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of acala

acala - immovable, stationary; a mountain

`a` (negation) + `cala` (moving).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+cala)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• cala – moving, shaking, unsteady
  adjective (masculine)
  From root `cal` (to move).
  Root: cal (class 1)