महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-42, verse-12

पितृष्वसुः कृते दुःखं सुमहन्मर्षयाम्यहम् ।
दिष्ट्या त्विदं सर्वराज्ञां संनिधावद्य वर्तते ॥१२॥

12. pitṛṣvasuḥ kṛte duḥkhaṁ sumahanmarṣayāmyaham ,
diṣṭyā tvidaṁ sarvarājñāṁ saṁnidhāvadya vartate.

12. pitṛṣvasuḥ kṛte duḥkham sumahat marṣayāmi aham
diṣṭyā tu idam sarvarājñām saṃnidhau adya vartate

12. I endure this very great sorrow on account of my paternal aunt. Fortunately, this matter is now unfolding in the presence of all kings.

Words meanings summery:

• पितृष्वसुः (pitṛṣvasuḥ) - of the paternal aunt

• कृते (kṛte) - for the sake of, on account of, because of

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, pain

• सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, immense

• मर्षयामि (marṣayāmi) - I endure, I tolerate, I forgive

• अहम् (aham) - I

• दिष्ट्या (diṣṭyā) - fortunately, by luck, by divine decree

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• इदम् (idam) - this matter (this (neuter))

• सर्वराज्ञाम् (sarvarājñām) - of all kings

• संनिधौ (saṁnidhau) - in the presence, in the vicinity

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• वर्तते (vartate) - it exists, it is, it takes place, it unfolds

Words meanings and morphology

पितृष्वसुः (pitṛṣvasuḥ) - of the paternal aunt

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of pitṛṣvasṛ

pitṛṣvasṛ - paternal aunt (father's sister)

Compound of pitṛ (father) and svasṛ (sister)

Compound type : tatpurusha (pitṛ+svasṛ)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• svasṛ – sister
  noun (feminine)

Note: Governed by 'kṛte'.

कृते (kṛte) - for the sake of, on account of, because of

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle (used adverbially)

from √kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: It is an adjective in the locative singular, used adverbially here.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, pain

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, suffering, misery

Note: Object of 'marṣayāmi'.

सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, immense

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, very large, immense

Compound of su (very) and mahat (great)

Compound type : karmadharaya (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  prefix
• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective (neuter)
  present active participle of √mah, used as an adjective
  Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'duḥkham'.

मर्षयामि (marṣayāmi) - I endure, I tolerate, I forgive

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of mṛṣ

Present

Present 1st person singular, caus. stem 'marṣaya'

Root: mṛṣ (class 4)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of 'marṣayāmi'.

दिष्ट्या (diṣṭyā) - fortunately, by luck, by divine decree

(indeclinable)

Instrumental singular of diṣṭi (fortune) used adverbially

Note: Adverbial usage.

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

Particle

इदम् (idam) - this matter (this (neuter))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, it

Note: Refers to 'this matter' or 'this situation'.

सर्वराज्ञाम् (sarvarājñām) - of all kings

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarvarājan

sarvarājan - all kings

Compound of sarva (all) and rājan (king)

Compound type : karmadharaya (sarva+rājan)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Governed by 'saṃnidhau'.

संनिधौ (saṁnidhau) - in the presence, in the vicinity

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃnidhi

saṁnidhi - presence, proximity, vicinity, deposit

Compound of sam (together) + ni (down) + √dhā (to place)

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Locative case indicating location.

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

from idam (this) + dyas (suffix for time)

Note: Adverb of time.

वर्तते (vartate) - it exists, it is, it takes place, it unfolds

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛt

Present

Present 3rd person singular, ātmanepada

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Subject 'idam'.