महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-271, verse-59

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
अयं स भगवान्देवः पितामह जनार्दनः ।
सनत्कुमारो वृत्राय यत्तदाख्यातवान्पुरा ॥५९॥

59. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
ayaṁ sa bhagavāndevaḥ pitāmaha janārdanaḥ ,
sanatkumāro vṛtrāya yattadākhyātavānpurā.

59. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ayam saḥ bhagavān devaḥ pitāmaha
janārdanaḥ sanatkumāraḥ vṛtrāya yat tadā ākhyātavān purā

59. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca pitāmaha,
ayam saḥ bhagavān devaḥ janārdanaḥ (asti),
yat sanatkumāraḥ purā tadā vṛtrāya ākhyātavān

59. Yudhishthira said: O Grandfather, this is that venerable divine Janardana, whom Sanatkumara had formerly explained to Vritra at that time.

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - The eldest Pandava brother (Yudhishthira)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अयम् (ayam) - referring to Janardana (this)

• सः (saḥ) - referring to the previously described Janardana (he, that)

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - An epithet for a divine being, here Janardana (venerable, divine, glorious, blessed)

• देवः (devaḥ) - Referring to Janardana as a divine being (god, deity, divine being)

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - Addressing Bhishma, who is the grandfather figure to Yudhishthira (grandfather, ancestor)

• जनार्दनः (janārdanaḥ) - Referring to Lord Vishnu/Krishna (Janardana)

• सनत्कुमारः (sanatkumāraḥ) - One of the four mind-born sons of Brahma, known for their wisdom (Sanatkumara)

• वृत्राय (vṛtrāya) - To the demon Vritra (to Vritra, for Vritra)

• यत् (yat) - Referring to the explanation/description (which, what)

• तदा (tadā) - Refers to the time in the past when Sanatkumara spoke to Vritra (then, at that time)

• आख्यातवान् (ākhyātavān) - Sanatkumara had explained this to Vritra (explained, described, narrated)

• पुरा (purā) - In the past, referring to the event with Sanatkumara and Vritra (formerly, previously, in ancient times)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - The eldest Pandava brother (Yudhishthira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira, steady in battle, a proper name

Compound of yudhi (in battle, locative of yudh) and sthira (firm, steady)

Compound type : tatpurusha (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  The 'yudhi' form signifies locative singular ('in battle') of the root noun 'yudh'
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From √sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Class 2 verb (vac-ā-di group), Perfect tense, 3rd person singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

अयम् (ayam) - referring to Janardana (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun

सः (saḥ) - referring to the previously described Janardana (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

भगवान् (bhagavān) - An epithet for a divine being, here Janardana (venerable, divine, glorious, blessed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - fortunate, glorious, divine, venerable, blessed

Possessive adjective from bhaga (fortune, excellence)

Root: bhaj (class 1)

देवः (devaḥ) - Referring to Janardana as a divine being (god, deity, divine being)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, deity, divine, celestial

From div (to shine)

Root: div (class 4)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - Addressing Bhishma, who is the grandfather figure to Yudhishthira (grandfather, ancestor)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, a title for Brahma (the great progenitor)

Compound of pitā (father) and maha (great)

Compound type : karmadharaya (pitṛ+maha)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• maha – great, large
  adjective (masculine)

जनार्दनः (janārdanaḥ) - Referring to Lord Vishnu/Krishna (Janardana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janārdana

janārdana - Janardana, 'agitator of men' or 'one who is sought by men,' an epithet of Vishnu/Krishna

Compound of jana (people) and ardana (agitator/supplicator)

Compound type : tatpurusha (jana+ardana)

• jana – man, person, people
  noun (masculine)
• ardana – disturbing, tormenting, asking, requesting
  noun (masculine)
  From √ard (to torment, ask)
  Root: ard (class 1)

सनत्कुमारः (sanatkumāraḥ) - One of the four mind-born sons of Brahma, known for their wisdom (Sanatkumara)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sanatkumāra

sanatkumāra - Sanatkumara, 'eternal youth,' one of the four Kumāras, mind-born sons of Brahmā

Compound of sanat (always, eternal) and kumāra (youth, boy)

Compound type : karmadharaya (sanat+kumāra)

• sanat – always, eternally, perpetually
  indeclinable
• kumāra – boy, youth, son
  noun (masculine)

वृत्राय (vṛtrāya) - To the demon Vritra (to Vritra, for Vritra)

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vṛtra

vṛtra - Vritra (a Vedic demon); obstacle, coverer

यत् (yat) - Referring to the explanation/description (which, what)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Neuter nominative/accusative singular

तदा (tadā) - Refers to the time in the past when Sanatkumara spoke to Vritra (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial indeclinable formed from 'tad'

आख्यातवान् (ākhyātavān) - Sanatkumara had explained this to Vritra (explained, described, narrated)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ākhyāta

ākhyāta - described, narrated, explained

Past Active Participle

Formed from ā- + √khyā (to tell, relate) + suffix -tavat

Prefix: ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Functions as a finite verb

पुरा (purā) - In the past, referring to the event with Sanatkumara and Vritra (formerly, previously, in ancient times)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial indeclinable