महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-271, verse-39

स वै यदा सत्त्वगुणेन युक्तस्तमो व्यपोहन्घटते स्वबुद्ध्या ।
स लोहितं वर्णमुपैति नीलो मनुष्यलोके परिवर्तते च ॥३९॥

39. sa vai yadā sattvaguṇena yukta;stamo vyapohanghaṭate svabuddhyā ,
sa lohitaṁ varṇamupaiti nīlo; manuṣyaloke parivartate ca.

39. saḥ vai yadā sattvaguṇena yuktaḥ
tamas vyapohan ghaṭate svabuddhyā
| saḥ lohitam varṇam upaiti
nīlaḥ manuṣyaloke parivartate ca

39. yadā saḥ vai sattvaguṇena yuktaḥ
tamas vyapohan svabuddhyā
ghaṭate saḥ nīlaḥ lohitam varṇam
upaiti ca manuṣyaloke parivartate

39. When he, endowed with the quality of goodness (sattva guṇa), strives with his own intellect (buddhi), dispelling darkness (tamas), he, having been dark-colored (nīla), attains the red state and transmigrates in the human world.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, verily

• यदा (yadā) - when, whenever

• सत्त्वगुणेन (sattvaguṇena) - by the guṇa of sattva (by the quality of goodness/purity)

• युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - endowed with, united, joined, engaged

• तमस् (tamas) - the quality of dullness and inertia (tamas) (darkness, ignorance)

• व्यपोहन् (vyapohan) - removing, dispelling, driving away

• घटते (ghaṭate) - strives, endeavors, performs, is suitable

• स्वबुद्ध्या (svabuddhyā) - by his own intellect

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• लोहितम् (lohitam) - a red state, often associated with activity/rajas (red, blood-red)

• वर्णम् (varṇam) - the state of being (color, caste, class, state, quality)

• उपैति (upaiti) - attains, approaches, obtains

• नीलः (nīlaḥ) - referring to the previous tamasic state (dark/blue color) (blue, dark, black)

• मनुष्यलोके (manuṣyaloke) - in the world of humans

• परिवर्तते (parivartate) - transmigrates, revolves, turns around

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, verily

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

यदा (yadā) - when, whenever

(indeclinable)

From pronoun 'yad' + suffix 'dā'.

सत्त्वगुणेन (sattvaguṇena) - by the guṇa of sattva (by the quality of goodness/purity)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sattvaguṇa

sattvaguṇa - the quality of goodness, purity, lucidity

Compound of 'sattva' (goodness, existence) and 'guṇa' (quality, attribute).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sattva+guṇa)

• sattva – goodness, purity, essence, reality, existence
  noun (neuter)
  From 'sat' (being, good).
• guṇa – quality, attribute, constituent, strand
  noun (masculine)

युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - endowed with, united, joined, engaged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, united, endowed with, engaged in, appropriate

Past Passive Participle

From √yuj (to join, to unite).

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ'.

तमस् (tamas) - the quality of dullness and inertia (tamas) (darkness, ignorance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, ignorance, dullness, inertia (one of the three guṇas)

From root √tam (to be bewildered, to be dark).

Root: tam (class 4)

Note: Object of the participle 'vyapohan'.

व्यपोहन् (vyapohan) - removing, dispelling, driving away

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyapohan

vyapoh - to remove, to dispel, to drive away

Present active participle

From vi- + apa- + √ūh (to remove, to infer).

Prefixes: vi+apa

Root: ūh (class 1)

Note: Acts adverbially, meaning 'while removing'.

घटते (ghaṭate) - strives, endeavors, performs, is suitable

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ghaṭ

Present middle

From root √ghaṭ.

Root: ghaṭ (class 1)

स्वबुद्ध्या (svabuddhyā) - by his own intellect

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of svabuddhi

svabuddhi - one's own intellect/understanding

Compound of 'sva' (own) and 'buddhi' (intellect).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+buddhi)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun (neuter)
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, discernment
  noun (feminine)
  From root √budh (to know, to understand).
  Root: budh (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

लोहितम् (lohitam) - a red state, often associated with activity/rajas (red, blood-red)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lohita

lohita - red, blood-red, copper-colored

From 'loh' (to be red).

Root: loh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'varṇam'.

वर्णम् (varṇam) - the state of being (color, caste, class, state, quality)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of varṇa

varṇa - color, caste, class, quality, state

From √vṛ (to cover, to choose).

Root: vṛ (class 5)

उपैति (upaiti) - attains, approaches, obtains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of upa-i

Present active

From upa- + √i (to go).

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

नीलः (nīlaḥ) - referring to the previous tamasic state (dark/blue color) (blue, dark, black)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nīla

nīla - blue, dark, black, indigo

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ', often used as a substantive here.

मनुष्यलोके (manuṣyaloke) - in the world of humans

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of manuṣyaloka

manuṣyaloka - human world, world of mortals

Compound of 'manuṣya' (human) and 'loka' (world).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (manuṣya+loka)

• manuṣya – human, man
  noun (masculine)
• loka – world, realm, people
  noun (masculine)
  From root √lok (to see).
  Root: lok (class 1)

परिवर्तते (parivartate) - transmigrates, revolves, turns around

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of parivṛt

Present middle

From pari- + √vṛt (to turn).

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛt (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.