महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-271, verse-38

शतं सहस्राणि ततश्चरित्वा प्राप्नोति वर्णं हरितं तु पश्चात् ।
स चैव तस्मिन्निवसत्यनीशो युगक्षये तमसा संवृतात्मा ॥३८॥

38. śataṁ sahasrāṇi tataścaritvā; prāpnoti varṇaṁ haritaṁ tu paścāt ,
sa caiva tasminnivasatyanīśo; yugakṣaye tamasā saṁvṛtātmā.

38. śatam sahasrāṇi tataḥ caritvā
prāpnoti varṇam haritam tu paścāt
saḥ ca eva tasmin nivasati
anīśaḥ yugakṣaye tamasā saṃvṛtātmā

38. saḥ ca eva yugakṣaye tamasā
saṃvṛtātmā anīśaḥ tasmin nivasati
tataḥ śatam sahasrāṇi caritvā tu
paścāt haritam varṇam prāpnoti

38. After wandering for a hundred thousand (existences), he subsequently attains the green state. And indeed, he, powerless and with his self (ātman) enveloped by darkness (tamas), dwells in that state at the end of the age.

Words meanings summery:

• शतम् (śatam) - one hundred, a hundred

• सहस्राणि (sahasrāṇi) - thousands

• ततः (tataḥ) - from that, then, thereafter

• चरित्वा (caritvā) - having transmigrated through various lives (having wandered, having moved, having performed)

• प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - attains, obtains, reaches

• वर्णम् (varṇam) - the state of being (color, caste, class, state, quality)

• हरितम् (haritam) - a green or yellowish state, often associated with inertia/tamas (green, yellowish-green)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

• पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards, behind, subsequently

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - only, indeed, just

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (green) state (in that, in him)

• निवसति (nivasati) - dwells, resides, lives

• अनीशः (anīśaḥ) - powerless, helpless, without a lord

• युगक्षये (yugakṣaye) - at the end of an age

• तमसा (tamasā) - by the quality of dullness and inertia (tamas) (by darkness, by ignorance)

• संवृतात्मा (saṁvṛtātmā) - whose self is enveloped/covered

Words meanings and morphology

शतम् (śatam) - one hundred, a hundred

(noun)

neuter, singular of śata

śata - one hundred

Note: Functions as a singular neuter noun referring to the number 100.

सहस्राणि (sahasrāṇi) - thousands

(noun)

neuter, plural of sahasra

sahasra - thousand

Note: Used here in plural, often paired with 'śatam' to mean 'hundreds of thousands'.

ततः (tataḥ) - from that, then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

From pronoun 'tad' + suffix 'tasil'.

चरित्वा (caritvā) - having transmigrated through various lives (having wandered, having moved, having performed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed by adding suffix -tvā to the root √car.

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Denotes an action completed before the main verb.

प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - attains, obtains, reaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of prāp

Present active

From pra- + √āp.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

वर्णम् (varṇam) - the state of being (color, caste, class, state, quality)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of varṇa

varṇa - color, caste, class, quality, state

From √vṛ (to cover, to choose).

Root: vṛ (class 5)

हरितम् (haritam) - a green or yellowish state, often associated with inertia/tamas (green, yellowish-green)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of harita

harita - green, yellowish, tawny

From root √hṛ.

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'varṇam'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunctive particle.

पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards, behind, subsequently

(indeclinable)

From 'paśca' + suffix 'āt'.

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

एव (eva) - only, indeed, just

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (green) state (in that, in him)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine/neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers back to 'varṇam haritam'.

निवसति (nivasati) - dwells, resides, lives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of nivas

Present active

From ni- + √vas.

Prefix: ni

Root: vas (class 1)

अनीशः (anīśaḥ) - powerless, helpless, without a lord

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anīśa

anīśa - powerless, helpless, without a lord/master

Negative prefix 'a-' + 'īśa' (lord, master).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+īśa)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• īśa – lord, master, powerful
  noun (masculine)
  From root √īś (to rule, to be master).
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ'.

युगक्षये (yugakṣaye) - at the end of an age

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yugakṣaya

yugakṣaya - end of an age/yuga

Compound of 'yuga' (age) and 'kṣaya' (destruction, end).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yuga+kṣaya)

• yuga – age, epoch, period of time
  noun (neuter)
• kṣaya – destruction, end, loss, decline
  noun (masculine)
  From root √kṣi (to destroy, to perish).
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

तमसा (tamasā) - by the quality of dullness and inertia (tamas) (by darkness, by ignorance)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, ignorance, dullness, inertia (one of the three guṇas)

From root √tam (to be bewildered, to be dark).

Root: tam (class 4)

संवृतात्मा (saṁvṛtātmā) - whose self is enveloped/covered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃvṛtātman

saṁvṛtātman - whose self (ātman) is covered/enveloped/concealed

Bahuvrihi compound: saṃvṛta (covered) + ātman (self).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṃvṛta+ātman)

• saṃvṛta – covered, concealed, enveloped
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From sam- + √vṛ (to cover).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vṛ (class 5)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ'.