महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-271, verse-24

रजस्तमश्च सत्त्वं च विद्धि नारायणात्मकम् ।
सोऽऽश्रमाणां मुखं तात कर्मणस्तत्फलं विदुः ॥२४॥

24. rajastamaśca sattvaṁ ca viddhi nārāyaṇātmakam ,
so''śramāṇāṁ mukhaṁ tāta karmaṇastatphalaṁ viduḥ.

24. rajaḥ tamaḥ ca sattvam ca viddhi nārāyaṇātmakam
saḥ āśramāṇām mukham tāta karmaṇaḥ tatphalam viduḥ

24. tāta rajaḥ ca tamaḥ ca sattvam ca nārāyaṇātmakam
viddhi saḥ āśramāṇām mukham karmaṇaḥ tatphalam viduḥ

24. Know that rajas, tamas, and sattva are of the nature of Nārāyaṇa. He (Nārāyaṇa) is the foremost among the stages of life (āśramas), O dear one; they know the fruit of action (karma) (to belong to him).

Words meanings summery:

• रजः (rajaḥ) - rajas (quality of passion, activity, dust)

• तमः (tamaḥ) - tamas (quality of inertia, darkness, ignorance)

• च (ca) - and

• सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - sattva (quality of goodness, purity, being), existence

• च (ca) - and

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

• नारायणात्मकम् (nārāyaṇātmakam) - of the nature of Nārāyaṇa, having Nārāyaṇa as its self

• सः (saḥ) - he

• आश्रमाणाम् (āśramāṇām) - of the stages of life, of the hermitages

• मुखम् (mukham) - chief, foremost, mouth, face

• तात (tāta) - O dear one, O father

• कर्मणः (karmaṇaḥ) - of action, of karma

• तत्फलम् (tatphalam) - its fruit, that fruit, the result thereof

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

Words meanings and morphology

रजः (rajaḥ) - rajas (quality of passion, activity, dust)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, dirt, passion, activity, a cosmic quality (guṇa)

तमः (tamaḥ) - tamas (quality of inertia, darkness, ignorance)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, ignorance, inertia, a cosmic quality (guṇa)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - sattva (quality of goodness, purity, being), existence

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - goodness, purity, essence, existence, a cosmic quality (guṇa)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

नारायणात्मकम् (nārāyaṇātmakam) - of the nature of Nārāyaṇa, having Nārāyaṇa as its self

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nārāyaṇātmaka

nārāyaṇātmaka - having Nārāyaṇa as one's self, consisting of Nārāyaṇa

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nārāyaṇa+ātman)

• nārāyaṇa – Nārāyaṇa (a name of Viṣṇu)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with the implied object 'rajas, tamas and sattva'.

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

आश्रमाणाम् (āśramāṇām) - of the stages of life, of the hermitages

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of āśrama

āśrama - stage of life, hermitage, abode

मुखम् (mukham) - chief, foremost, mouth, face

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mukha

mukha - mouth, face, front, chief, principal

तात (tāta) - O dear one, O father

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one (term of endearment or respect)

कर्मणः (karmaṇaḥ) - of action, of karma

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate (karma)

तत्फलम् (tatphalam) - its fruit, that fruit, the result thereof

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tatphala

tatphala - its fruit, that result

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tad+phala)

• tad – that, its
  pronoun
• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)