महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-159, verse-63

परिवित्तिः परिवेत्ता यया च परिविद्यते ।
पाणिग्राहश्च धर्मेण सर्वे ते पतिताः स्मृताः ॥६३॥

63. parivittiḥ parivettā yayā ca parividyate ,
pāṇigrāhaśca dharmeṇa sarve te patitāḥ smṛtāḥ.

63. parivittiḥ parivettā yayā ca parividyate
pāṇigrāhaḥ ca dharmeṇa sarve te patitāḥ smṛtāḥ

63. parivittiḥ,
parivettā,
yayā ca parividyate (sā strī),
dharmeṇa pāṇigrāhaḥ ca,
te sarve patitāḥ smṛtāḥ.

63. The younger brother who marries before his elder (parivitti), the elder brother who remains unmarried (parivettā), the woman by whom the younger brother marries, and the one who gives her hand (pāṇigrāha) in marriage according to (natural) law (dharma) – all of them are considered fallen (patita).

Words meanings summery:

• परिवित्तिः (parivittiḥ) - younger brother marrying before his elder

• परिवेत्ता (parivettā) - the elder brother who is passed over (elder brother whose younger brother marries first)

• यया (yayā) - by whom, with whom

• च (ca) - and, also

• परिविद्यते (parividyate) - is married before

• पाणिग्राहः (pāṇigrāhaḥ) - the one who gives her hand (i.e., the father or guardian of the bride) (the one who takes the hand, the bridegroom)

• च (ca) - and, also

• धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by (natural) law, according to custom/rite

• सर्वे (sarve) - all

• ते (te) - those, they

• पतिताः (patitāḥ) - fallen, degraded

• स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - remembered, considered

Words meanings and morphology

परिवित्तिः (parivittiḥ) - younger brother marrying before his elder

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivitti

parivitti - a younger brother marrying before his elder

परिवेत्ता (parivettā) - the elder brother who is passed over (elder brother whose younger brother marries first)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivettṛ

parivettṛ - an elder brother whose younger brother marries first, a person whose elder brother marries after him

Agent noun from root vid (to find/marry) with prefix pari.

Prefix: pari

Root: vid (class 6)

Note: The elder brother who is 'passed over'.

यया (yayā) - by whom, with whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to the woman involved in such a marriage.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

परिविद्यते (parividyate) - is married before

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of parivid

Passive voice of root vid (to find/marry) with prefix pari.

Prefix: pari

Root: vid (class 6)

Note: Used in the context of a younger brother marrying before an elder.

पाणिग्राहः (pāṇigrāhaḥ) - the one who gives her hand (i.e., the father or guardian of the bride) (the one who takes the hand, the bridegroom)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇigrāha

pāṇigrāha - taker of the hand (bridegroom), giver of the hand (bride's father/guardian)

Compound of pāṇi (hand) and grāha (taker).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāṇi+grāha)

• pāṇi – hand
  noun (masculine)
• grāha – taking, seizing, a taker
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  From root grah (to seize).
  Root: grah (class 9)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by (natural) law, according to custom/rite

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, custom

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Refers to the traditional or legal way of performing marriage.

सर्वे (sarve) - all

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the mentioned parties.

पतिताः (patitāḥ) - fallen, degraded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of patita

patita - fallen, degraded, outcast

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root pat (to fall).

Root: pat (class 1)

स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - remembered, considered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, called to mind, considered, traditionally known

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root smṛ (to remember).

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Often implies 'it is traditionally stated/held'.