महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-159, verse-38

अमात्यान्वा गुरून्वापि जह्याद्धर्मेण धार्मिकः ।
प्रायश्चित्तमकुर्वाणैर्नैतैरर्हति संविदम् ॥३८॥

38. amātyānvā gurūnvāpi jahyāddharmeṇa dhārmikaḥ ,
prāyaścittamakurvāṇairnaitairarhati saṁvidam.

38. amātyān vā gurūn vā api jahyāt dharmeṇa dhārmikaḥ
prāyaścittam akurvāṇaiḥ na etaiḥ arhati saṃvidam

38. dhārmikaḥ dharmeṇa amātyān vā gurūn vā api jahyāt
prāyaścittam akurvāṇaiḥ etaiḥ na saṃvidam arhati

38. A person committed to (natural) law (dharma) should abandon even ministers or teachers in accordance with (natural) law (dharma). One should not associate or agree with those who do not perform expiation.

Words meanings summery:

• अमात्यान् (amātyān) - ministers, counselors, companions

• वा (vā) - or, either

• गुरून् (gurūn) - teachers, venerable persons, elders

• वा (vā) - or, either

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• जह्यात् (jahyāt) - one should abandon, one should give up, one should forsake

• धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by (natural) law (dharma), according to (natural) law (dharma), by righteousness

• धार्मिकः (dhārmikaḥ) - a righteous person, one who follows (natural) law (dharma)

• प्रायश्चित्तम् (prāyaścittam) - expiation, penance, atonement

• अकुर्वाणैः (akurvāṇaiḥ) - by those not performing, by those not doing

• न (na) - not, no

• एतैः (etaiḥ) - by these (persons who do not perform expiation) (by these)

• अर्हति (arhati) - one deserves, one is worthy, one should

• संविदम् (saṁvidam) - agreement, acquaintance, communion, association, knowledge

Words meanings and morphology

अमात्यान् (amātyān) - ministers, counselors, companions

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of amātya

amātya - minister, counselor, companion, kinsman

Derived from amā (at home, near) + -tya (suffix).

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

गुरून् (gurūn) - teachers, venerable persons, elders

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of guru

guru - teacher (guru), venerable, heavy, important, elder

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

जह्यात् (jahyāt) - one should abandon, one should give up, one should forsake

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of hā

Root: hā (class 3)

धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by (natural) law (dharma), according to (natural) law (dharma), by righteousness

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - (natural) law (dharma), constitution (dharma), righteousness, duty, virtue, cosmic order

Derived from root dhṛ (to uphold, sustain).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

धार्मिकः (dhārmikaḥ) - a righteous person, one who follows (natural) law (dharma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhārmika

dhārmika - righteous, virtuous, pious, adherent of (natural) law (dharma), just

Derived from dharma with suffix -ika.

प्रायश्चित्तम् (prāyaścittam) - expiation, penance, atonement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prāyaścitta

prāyaścitta - expiation, penance, atonement, repentance

Compound of prāya (lapse, misconduct) and citta (thought, intention) or citti (expiation).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāya+citta)

• prāya – going forth, approaching, undertaking, misconduct
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: i (class 2)
• citta – thought, mind, intelligence, intention
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root cit (to perceive, think).
  Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Direct object of the implied action 'performing'.

अकुर्वाणैः (akurvāṇaiḥ) - by those not performing, by those not doing

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of akurvāṇa

akurvāṇa - not performing, not doing, inactive

Present Active Participle (negative)

Negation (a-) of kurvāṇa (performing), which is derived from root kṛ (to do) in the middle voice.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kurvāṇa)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• kurvāṇa – doing, performing, making
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Middle Participle
  Derived from root kṛ (to do) with -āṇa suffix for middle voice participle.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Refers to a group of people not performing expiation.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एतैः (etaiḥ) - by these (persons who do not perform expiation) (by these)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these, referring to something near or just mentioned

Note: Refers to 'akurvāṇaiḥ' (by those not performing).

अर्हति (arhati) - one deserves, one is worthy, one should

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)

संविदम् (saṁvidam) - agreement, acquaintance, communion, association, knowledge

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of saṃvid

saṁvid - agreement, acquaintance, communion, knowledge, consciousness, understanding

Derived from root vid (to know, perceive) with upasarga sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Direct object of 'arhati'.