महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-159, verse-56

काले चतुर्थे भुञ्जानो ब्रह्मचारी व्रती भवेत् ।
स्थानासनाभ्यां विहरेत्त्रिरह्नोऽभ्युदितादपः ।
एवमेव निराचान्तो यश्चाग्नीनपविध्यति ॥५६॥

56. kāle caturthe bhuñjāno brahmacārī vratī bhavet ,
sthānāsanābhyāṁ viharettrirahno'bhyuditādapaḥ ,
evameva nirācānto yaścāgnīnapavidhyati.

56. kāle caturthe bhuñjānaḥ brahmacārī
vratī bhavet sthānāsanābhyām viharet
triḥ ahnaḥ abhyuditāt apaḥ evam
eva nirācāntaḥ yaḥ ca agnīn apavidhyati

56. brahmacārī vratī bhavet caturthe kāle bhuñjānaḥ.
sthānāsanābhyām viharet triḥ ahnaḥ abhyuditāt apaḥ (pibet).
evam eva,
yaḥ ca nirācāntaḥ agnīn apavidhyati (sa doṣī bhavati)

56. A celibate student (brahmacārī) should be one who observes strict vows (vratī), eating only in the fourth part of the day. One should endure by (practicing) standing and sitting, drinking water thrice daily after sunrise. Likewise, whoever abandons the sacred fires without having performed the ritual mouth-rinsing (ācamana) (commits an offense).

Words meanings summery:

• काले (kāle) - in the time, at the time

• चतुर्थे (caturthe) - in the fourth part (of the day) (in the fourth)

• भुञ्जानः (bhuñjānaḥ) - eating, enjoying

• ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - celibate student, one observing celibacy

• व्रती (vratī) - one who observes a vow, a strict observer

• भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, one should become

• स्थानासनाभ्याम् (sthānāsanābhyām) - by observing the austerities of standing and sitting postures (by standing and sitting)

• विहरेत् (viharet) - one should sustain oneself or desist (from other activities) (one should reside, one should endure)

• त्रिः (triḥ) - thrice, three times

• अह्नः (ahnaḥ) - of the day, during the day

• अभ्युदितात् (abhyuditāt) - after the sun has risen (after rising, from the risen)

• अपः (apaḥ) - drinking water (waters)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• निराचान्तः (nirācāntaḥ) - one who has not performed ācamana (ritual rinsing)

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever

• च (ca) - and

• अग्नीन् (agnīn) - sacred fires

• अपविध्यति (apavidhyati) - abandons, throws away

Words meanings and morphology

काले (kāle) - in the time, at the time

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season

चतुर्थे (caturthe) - in the fourth part (of the day) (in the fourth)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of caturtha

caturtha - fourth

भुञ्जानः (bhuñjānaḥ) - eating, enjoying

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhuñjāna

bhuñjāna - eating, enjoying, experiencing

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root bhuj (to eat, enjoy)

Root: bhuj (class 7)

ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - celibate student, one observing celibacy

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahmacārin

brahmacārin - celibate student, religious student, one who observes a vow of celibacy (brahmacarya)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+cārin)

• brahman – Vedic text, sacred knowledge, ultimate reality
  noun (neuter)
• cārin – practicing, observing, behaving
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  Root: car (class 1)

व्रती (vratī) - one who observes a vow, a strict observer

(noun/adjective)

भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, one should become

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

स्थानासनाभ्याम् (sthānāsanābhyām) - by observing the austerities of standing and sitting postures (by standing and sitting)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, dual of sthānāsana

sthānāsana - standing and sitting (as postures or austerities)

Compound type : dvandva (sthāna+āsana)

• sthāna – standing, state, position
  noun (neuter)
  Root: sthā (class 1)
• āsana – sitting, seat, posture (as in yoga)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: ās (class 2)

विहरेत् (viharet) - one should sustain oneself or desist (from other activities) (one should reside, one should endure)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vihar

Prefix: vi

Root: hṛ (class 1)

त्रिः (triḥ) - thrice, three times

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix -śas applied to tri (three)

अह्नः (ahnaḥ) - of the day, during the day

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of ahan

ahan - day

अभ्युदितात् (abhyuditāt) - after the sun has risen (after rising, from the risen)

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of abhyudita

abhyudita - risen, come forth, appeared

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root i (to go) with prefixes abhi and ud.

Prefixes: abhi+ud

Root: i (class 2)

अपः (apaḥ) - drinking water (waters)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of ap

ap - water

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

निराचान्तः (nirācāntaḥ) - one who has not performed ācamana (ritual rinsing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirācānta

nirācānta - not rinsed, not performed ācamana (ritual mouth-rinsing)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (nis+ācānta)

• nis – negative prefix, without
  indeclinable
• ācānta – rinsed, sipped water for purification
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root cam (to sip) with prefix ā.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: cam (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अग्नीन् (agnīn) - sacred fires

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of agni

agni - fire, sacred fire, god of fire

अपविध्यति (apavidhyati) - abandons, throws away

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of apavidh

Prefixes: apa+vi

Root: dhā (class 3)