महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-159, verse-49

तथैव द्वादश समाः कपाली ब्रह्महा भवेत् ।
ब्रह्मचारी चरेद्भैक्षं स्वकर्मोदाहरन्मुनिः ॥४९॥

49. tathaiva dvādaśa samāḥ kapālī brahmahā bhavet ,
brahmacārī caredbhaikṣaṁ svakarmodāharanmuniḥ.

49. tathā eva dvādaśa samāḥ kapālī brahmahā bhavet
brahmacārī caret bhaikṣam svakarma udāharan muniḥ

49. muniḥ brahmahā द्वादश समाः tathā eva kapālī bhavet
[saḥ] brahmacārī bhaikṣam caret [sva] karma udāharan

49. Similarly, a slayer of a Brahmin (brahmahā) should become a skull-bearer (kapālī) for twelve years. As a sage (muniḥ) observing celibacy (brahmacārī), he should wander, begging for alms and openly declaring his own act (karma).

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, even

• द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

• समाः (samāḥ) - years

• कपाली (kapālī) - specifically, one performing a penance for Brahmin-slaying by carrying a skull (skull-bearer, one who carries a skull)

• ब्रह्महा (brahmahā) - slayer of a Brahmin

• भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, should be, should become

• ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - an ascetic observing the vow of celibacy as part of his penance (an ascetic, one observing celibacy, a student of the Vedas)

• चरेत् (caret) - should wander begging for alms (should wander, should practice)

• भैक्षम् (bhaikṣam) - alms, begging

• स्वकर्म (svakarma) - the deed of Brahmin-slaying (one's own deed, one's own act (karma))

• उदाहरन् (udāharan) - declaring his Brahmin-slaying deed (declaring, proclaiming, stating)

• मुनिः (muniḥ) - sage, ascetic

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, even

(indeclinable)

द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

(adjective)

plural of dvādaśa

dvādaśa - twelve

समाः (samāḥ) - years

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of samā

samā - year, season

Note: Indicates duration of time.

कपाली (kapālī) - specifically, one performing a penance for Brahmin-slaying by carrying a skull (skull-bearer, one who carries a skull)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kapālin

kapālin - skull-bearer; a type of ascetic; Shiva

Derived from kapāla (skull) + -in (possessive suffix)

ब्रह्महा (brahmahā) - slayer of a Brahmin

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahmahan

brahmahan - Brahmin-slayer, murderer of a Brahmin

Compound of brahman (Brahmin) and han (killer)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+han)

• brahman – Brahmin, sacred knowledge, Brahman
  noun (masculine)
• han – slayer, killer
  noun (masculine)
  From root √han 'to strike, kill'
  Root: han (class 2)

भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, should be, should become

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of √bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - an ascetic observing the vow of celibacy as part of his penance (an ascetic, one observing celibacy, a student of the Vedas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahmacārin

brahmacārin - religious student, celibate, an ascetic

Compound of brahman (Veda, sacred knowledge) and cārin (one who practices/moves)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+cārin)

• brahman – sacred knowledge, Veda, Brahman
  noun (masculine)
• cārin – one who practices, one who moves, one who follows
  adjective (masculine)
  From √car 'to move, practice' + -in suffix
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agrees with an implied subject (the brahmahā).

चरेत् (caret) - should wander begging for alms (should wander, should practice)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of √car

Root: car (class 1)

भैक्षम् (bhaikṣam) - alms, begging

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaikṣa

bhaikṣa - begging, alms, alms food

Derived from bhikṣā (begging)

स्वकर्म (svakarma) - the deed of Brahmin-slaying (one's own deed, one's own act (karma))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svakarma

svakarma - one's own deed, one's own duty (karma)

Compound of sva (own) and karma (deed)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+karma)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun/adjective
• karma – action, deed, work, ritual action (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

उदाहरन् (udāharan) - declaring his Brahmin-slaying deed (declaring, proclaiming, stating)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udāharat

udāharat - declaring, proclaiming

Present Active Participle

From ud-ā-√hṛ 'to bring forth, declare'

Prefixes: ud+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with muniḥ and the implied subject (brahmahā).

मुनिः (muniḥ) - sage, ascetic

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, contemplative person