महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-159, verse-37

अन्नं तिर्यङ्न होतव्यं प्रेतकर्मण्यपातिते ।
त्रिषु त्वेतेषु पूर्वेषु न कुर्वीत विचारणाम् ॥३७॥

37. annaṁ tiryaṅna hotavyaṁ pretakarmaṇyapātite ,
triṣu tveteṣu pūrveṣu na kurvīta vicāraṇām.

37. annaṃ tiryaṅ na hotavyaṃ pretakarmaṇi apātite
triṣu tu eteṣu pūrveṣu na kurvīta vicāraṇām

37. pretakarmaṇi apātite annaṃ tiryaṅ na hotavyaṃ
tu eteṣu triṣu pūrveṣu na vicāraṇām kurvīta

37. Food should not be offered improperly or indirectly during rites for the deceased (pretakarma) if the person was not an outcast. Indeed, in these three previously mentioned matters, one should not engage in deliberation.

Words meanings summery:

• अन्नं (annaṁ) - food, grain, offering

• तिर्यङ् (tiryaṅ) - obliquely, transversely, indirectly, improperly

• न (na) - not, no

• होतव्यं (hotavyaṁ) - to be offered, fit to be offered, ought to be offered

• प्रेतकर्मणि (pretakarmaṇi) - in rites for the dead, in funerary rites

• अपातिते (apātite) - in the case of one not fallen/outcast, for one who has not fallen

• त्रिषु (triṣu) - in these three aforementioned cases/categories (in three, among three)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• एतेषु (eteṣu) - in these, among these

• पूर्वेषु (pūrveṣu) - in the previously mentioned (cases/rules) (in former, in previous)

• न (na) - not, no

• कुर्वीत (kurvīta) - one should do, one should perform, one should make

• विचारणाम् (vicāraṇām) - deliberation, investigation, consideration

Words meanings and morphology

अन्नं (annaṁ) - food, grain, offering

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, grain, sustenance, rice

Derived from root ad (to eat)

Root: ad (class 2)

Note: Direct object of 'hotavyam'.

तिर्यङ् (tiryaṅ) - obliquely, transversely, indirectly, improperly

(indeclinable)

Compound of tiras (across) and añc (to bend, go). Adverbial usage here.

Prefix: tiras

Root: añc (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

होतव्यं (hotavyaṁ) - to be offered, fit to be offered, ought to be offered

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hotavya

hotavya - to be offered, deserving of an offering, proper to offer

Gerundive

Derived from root hu (to offer, sacrifice) with suffix -tavya (future passive participle / gerundive).

Root: hu (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'annaṃ' as predicate.

प्रेतकर्मणि (pretakarmaṇi) - in rites for the dead, in funerary rites

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pretakarman

pretakarman - rites for the dead, funerary ceremony, oblations to deceased ancestors

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (preta+karman)

• preta – departed, deceased, a departed spirit
  noun (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root i (to go) with upasarga pra-.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: i (class 2)
• karman – action, deed, ritual, work, fate (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

अपातिते (apātite) - in the case of one not fallen/outcast, for one who has not fallen

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of apātita

apātita - not fallen, not degraded, not outcast, not thrown down

Past Passive Participle (negative)

Negation (a-) of pātita (fallen), which is derived from root pat (to fall) in the causative.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pātita)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• pātita – fallen, degraded, caused to fall
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root pat (to fall) in the causative.
  Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with an implied masculine noun like 'prete' (in the case of a non-fallen deceased person).

त्रिषु (triṣu) - in these three aforementioned cases/categories (in three, among three)

(adjective)

Locative, plural of tri

tri - three

Note: Refers to implied matters/cases, therefore gender is null.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

एतेषु (eteṣu) - in these, among these

(pronoun)

Locative, plural of etad

etad - this, these, here

Note: Agrees with 'triṣu' and 'pūrveṣu'.

पूर्वेषु (pūrveṣu) - in the previously mentioned (cases/rules) (in former, in previous)

(adjective)

Locative, plural of pūrva

pūrva - former, previous, earlier, eastern, prior

Note: Agrees with 'triṣu' and 'eteṣu'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

कुर्वीत (kurvīta) - one should do, one should perform, one should make

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

विचारणाम् (vicāraṇām) - deliberation, investigation, consideration

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vicāraṇā

vicāraṇā - deliberation, investigation, consideration, inquiry, discussion

Derived from root car (to move, go) with upasarga vi- and ā- and suffix -anā.

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Direct object of 'kurvīta'.