महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-159, verse-21

प्राजापत्यमदत्त्वाश्वमग्न्याधेयस्य दक्षिणाम् ।
अनाहिताग्निरिति स प्रोच्यते धर्मदर्शिभिः ॥२१॥

21. prājāpatyamadattvāśvamagnyādheyasya dakṣiṇām ,
anāhitāgniriti sa procyate dharmadarśibhiḥ.

21. prājāpatyam adattvā aśvam agnyādheyasya dakṣiṇām
anāhitāgniḥ iti sa procyate dharmadarśibhiḥ

21. sa agnyādheyasya prājāpatyam aśvam dakṣiṇām
adattvā anāhitāgniḥ iti dharmadarśibhiḥ procyate

21. He who, for the Agnyādheya (fire-installation ceremony), has not offered the Prajāpati horse as the ritual fee (dakṣiṇā), is declared by those who discern natural law (dharma) to be 'one who has not established the sacred fires' (anāhitāgni).

Words meanings summery:

• प्राजापत्यम् (prājāpatyam) - the horse dedicated to Prajāpati (related to Prajāpati, belonging to Prajāpati)

• अदत्त्वा (adattvā) - without having given, not having offered

• अश्वम् (aśvam) - horse

• अग्न्याधेयस्य (agnyādheyasya) - of the Agnyādheya ceremony (fire installation)

• दक्षिणाम् (dakṣiṇām) - ritual fee, gift, donation

• अनाहिताग्निः (anāhitāgniḥ) - one who has not established the sacred fires

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so called

• स (sa) - he, that (person)

• प्रोच्यते (procyate) - is called, is declared

• धर्मदर्शिभिः (dharmadarśibhiḥ) - by those who see/discern natural law (dharma)

Words meanings and morphology

प्राजापत्यम् (prājāpatyam) - the horse dedicated to Prajāpati (related to Prajāpati, belonging to Prajāpati)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prājāpatya

prājāpatya - belonging to Prajāpati, related to Prajāpati, a specific offering/animal

derived from Prajāpati + ṣyaN (taddhita suffix for 'belonging to')

Note: It qualifies `aśvam` (horse), which is grammatically neuter here due to being the object of the verb. In context, it functions as a noun referring to the Prajāpati-horse.

अदत्त्वा (adattvā) - without having given, not having offered

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from `a-` (negation) + root `dā` (to give) + suffix `ktvā`

Prefix: a

Root: dā (class 3)

अश्वम् (aśvam) - horse

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aśva

aśva - horse

Note: The adjective `prājāpatyam` agrees with `aśvam` in gender, number, and case, here both are accusative singular neuter.

अग्न्याधेयस्य (agnyādheyasya) - of the Agnyādheya ceremony (fire installation)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of agnyādheya

agnyādheya - the ceremony of establishing the sacred fires

Gerundive (kṛtya)

Formed from `agni` + `ādhā` (to place) + `eya` (gerundive suffix). Meaning 'that which is to be placed on fire' or 'the placing of fire'.

Prefix: ā

Root: dhā (class 3)

दक्षिणाम् (dakṣiṇām) - ritual fee, gift, donation

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dakṣiṇā

dakṣiṇā - ritual fee, gift, offering, donation; right (direction)

Note: Object of `adattvā`.

अनाहिताग्निः (anāhitāgniḥ) - one who has not established the sacred fires

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anāhitāgni

anāhitāgni - one who has not established the sacred fires

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound of `a-` (not) and `āhitāgni` (one who has established fires).

Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+āhitāgni)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• āhitāgni – one who has established the sacred fires
  noun (masculine)
  Bahuvrīhi compound: āhita (established) + agni (fire). One for whom the fires have been established.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: The predicate noun for `sa`.

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so called

(indeclinable)

स (sa) - he, that (person)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: The subject of `procyate`.

प्रोच्यते (procyate) - is called, is declared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: `vac` (to speak) forms passive with `ucyate`. Here with `pra`, it is `procyate`.

धर्मदर्शिभिः (dharmadarśibhiḥ) - by those who see/discern natural law (dharma)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dharmadarśin

dharmadarśin - one who sees/knows natural law (dharma)

Tatpuruṣa compound: `dharma` (natural law) + `darśin` (seer, one who sees).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (dharma+darśin)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• darśin – seer, one who sees, knowing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/Adjective from root
  Formed from root dṛś (to see) + suffix -in
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agent of the passive verb `procyate`.