महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-159, verse-39

अधर्मकारी धर्मेण तपसा हन्ति किल्बिषम् ।
ब्रुवन्स्तेन इति स्तेनं तावत्प्राप्नोति किल्बिषम् ।
अस्तेनं स्तेन इत्युक्त्वा द्विगुणं पापमाप्नुयात् ॥३९॥

39. adharmakārī dharmeṇa tapasā hanti kilbiṣam ,
bruvanstena iti stenaṁ tāvatprāpnoti kilbiṣam ,
astenaṁ stena ityuktvā dviguṇaṁ pāpamāpnuyāt.

39. adharmakārī dharmeṇa tapasā hanti
kilbiṣam bruvan stena iti stenam
tāvat prāpnoti kilbiṣam astenam stena
iti uktvā dviguṇam pāpam āpnuyāt

39. adharmakārī dharmeṇa tapasā kilbiṣam hanti.
stenam stena iti bruvan tāvat kilbiṣam prāpnoti.
astenam stena iti uktvā dviguṇam pāpam āpnuyāt

39. A wrongdoer (adharmakārī) destroys sin (kilbiṣam) through righteous conduct (dharma) and penance (tapas). One who calls a thief 'a thief' incurs a certain measure of sin (kilbiṣam). However, having called an innocent person 'a thief', one would incur double the sin (pāpam).

Words meanings summery:

• अधर्मकारी (adharmakārī) - one who acts against (natural) law (dharma), a wrongdoer, unrighteous person

• धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by (natural) law (dharma), according to (natural) law (dharma), by righteousness

• तपसा (tapasā) - by penance (tapas), by asceticism (tapas), by austerity (tapas)

• हन्ति (hanti) - destroys, kills, strikes

• किल्बिषम् (kilbiṣam) - sin, guilt, fault, offense

• ब्रुवन् (bruvan) - speaking, saying, calling

• स्तेन (stena) - a thief, a robber

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner, (quotation marker)

• स्तेनम् (stenam) - a thief (accusative)

• तावत् (tāvat) - that much, so much, to that extent, thus much

• प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - obtains, incurs, reaches

• किल्बिषम् (kilbiṣam) - sin, guilt, fault, offense

• अस्तेनम् (astenam) - an innocent person, not a thief (accusative)

• स्तेन (stena) - a thief, a robber

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner, (quotation marker)

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having called, having spoken

• द्विगुणम् (dviguṇam) - twofold, double, twice

• पापम् (pāpam) - sin, evil, wickedness

• आप्नुयात् (āpnuyāt) - one should obtain, one would incur, one would reach

Words meanings and morphology

अधर्मकारी (adharmakārī) - one who acts against (natural) law (dharma), a wrongdoer, unrighteous person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adharmakārin

adharmakārin - acting against (natural) law (dharma), unrighteous, sinful, wrongdoer

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (adharma+kārin)

• adharma – unrighteousness, injustice, wrong, contrary to (natural) law (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Negation of dharma.
  Prefix: a-
• kārin – doing, making, causing, performing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  Derived from root kṛ (to do) with agentive suffix -in.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by (natural) law (dharma), according to (natural) law (dharma), by righteousness

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - (natural) law (dharma), constitution (dharma), righteousness, duty, virtue, cosmic order

Derived from root dhṛ (to uphold, sustain).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

तपसा (tapasā) - by penance (tapas), by asceticism (tapas), by austerity (tapas)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - penance (tapas), asceticism (tapas), austerity (tapas), heat, religious fervor

Derived from root tap (to heat, to burn).

Root: tap (class 1)

हन्ति (hanti) - destroys, kills, strikes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of han

Root: han (class 2)

किल्बिषम् (kilbiṣam) - sin, guilt, fault, offense

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kilbiṣa

kilbiṣa - sin, guilt, fault, offense, crime

Note: Direct object of 'hanti'.

ब्रुवन् (bruvan) - speaking, saying, calling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bruvat

bruvat - speaking, saying, calling, telling

Present Active Participle

Derived from root brū (to speak, say) with the -at suffix.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Acts as the agent for 'prāpnoti'.

स्तेन (stena) - a thief, a robber

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of stena

stena - a thief, a robber, one who steals

Derived from root sten (to steal).

Root: sten (class 10)

Note: Used as the word spoken in the phrase 'stena iti'.

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner, (quotation marker)

(indeclinable)

स्तेनम् (stenam) - a thief (accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of stena

stena - a thief, a robber, one who steals

Derived from root sten (to steal).

Root: sten (class 10)

Note: Direct object of the participle 'bruvan'.

तावत् (tāvat) - that much, so much, to that extent, thus much

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'kilbiṣam' (that much sin).

प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - obtains, incurs, reaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of prāp

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

किल्बिषम् (kilbiṣam) - sin, guilt, fault, offense

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kilbiṣa

kilbiṣa - sin, guilt, fault, offense, crime

Note: Direct object of 'prāpnoti'.

अस्तेनम् (astenam) - an innocent person, not a thief (accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of astena

astena - not a thief, innocent, honest

Negation (a-) of stena (thief).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+stena)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• stena – a thief, a robber
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root sten (to steal).
  Root: sten (class 10)

Note: Direct object of 'uktvā'.

स्तेन (stena) - a thief, a robber

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of stena

stena - a thief, a robber, one who steals

Derived from root sten (to steal).

Root: sten (class 10)

Note: Used as the word spoken in the phrase 'stena iti'.

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner, (quotation marker)

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having called, having spoken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root vac (to speak) with suffix -ktvā. Root vac changes to uk-.

Root: vac (class 2)

द्विगुणम् (dviguṇam) - twofold, double, twice

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dviguṇa

dviguṇa - twofold, double, twice as much, bipartite

Compound of dvi (two) and guṇa (multiplier, quality).

Compound type : dvigu (dvi+guṇa)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• guṇa – quality, attribute, excellence, rope, multiplier
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'pāpam'.

पापम् (pāpam) - sin, evil, wickedness

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - sin, evil, wicked, vice, crime

Note: Direct object of 'āpnuyāt'.

आप्नुयात् (āpnuyāt) - one should obtain, one would incur, one would reach

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of āp

Root: āp (class 5)