महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-159, verse-28

न नर्मयुक्तं वचनं हिनस्ति न स्त्रीषु राजन्न विवाहकाले ।
न गुर्वर्थे नात्मनो जीवितार्थे पञ्चानृतान्याहुरपातकानि ॥२८॥

28. na narmayuktaṁ vacanaṁ hinasti; na strīṣu rājanna vivāhakāle ,
na gurvarthe nātmano jīvitārthe; pañcānṛtānyāhurapātakāni.

28. na narma-yuktam vacanam hinasti
na strīṣu rājan na vivāha-kāle na
guru-arthe na ātmanaḥ jīvita-arthe
pañca anṛtāni āhuḥ apātakāni

28. O King, a statement made in jest is not harmful. Untruths spoken to women, or at the time of marriage (vivāha-kāla), or for the sake of a teacher (guru), or for the sake of one's own life, these five untruths (anṛta) are declared to be not sinful.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• नर्म-युक्तम् (narma-yuktam) - a statement made in jest (joined with jest, humorous)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

• हिनस्ति (hinasti) - causes negative consequence, is sinful (harms, injures)

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• स्त्रीषु (strīṣu) - when speaking to women (regarding women, among women)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• विवाह-काले (vivāha-kāle) - at the time of marriage

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• गुरु-अर्थे (guru-arthe) - for the sake of a teacher

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, of the self

• जीवित-अर्थे (jīvita-arthe) - to preserve one's own life (for the sake of life)

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• अनृतानि (anṛtāni) - untruths, falsehoods

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

• अपातकानि (apātakāni) - not sinful, blameless

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

नर्म-युक्तम् (narma-yuktam) - a statement made in jest (joined with jest, humorous)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of narmayukta

narmayukta - joined with jest, humorous

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (narma+yukta)

• narma – jest, sport, play
  noun (neuter)
• yukta – joined, connected, endowed with
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root yuj (to join)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speech, word, statement

Root: vac (class 2)

हिनस्ति (hinasti) - causes negative consequence, is sinful (harms, injures)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of hiṃs

Root: hiṃs (class 7)

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

स्त्रीषु (strīṣu) - when speaking to women (regarding women, among women)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of strī

strī - woman, female

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

विवाह-काले (vivāha-kāle) - at the time of marriage

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vivāhakāla

vivāhakāla - time of marriage

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vivāha+kāla)

• vivāha – marriage, wedding
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vah (class 1)
• kāla – time, season
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

गुरु-अर्थे (guru-arthe) - for the sake of a teacher

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of gurvartha

gurvartha - for the purpose of a guru

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guru+artha)

• guru – teacher, spiritual preceptor
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Here 'arthe' functions as an indeclinable 'for the sake of', often takes genitive or dative.

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, of the self

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, breath

जीवित-अर्थे (jīvita-arthe) - to preserve one's own life (for the sake of life)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of jīvitārtha

jīvitārtha - for the sake of life, purpose of living

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jīvita+artha)

• jīvita – life, living, lived
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root jīv (to live)
  Root: jīv (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Here 'arthe' functions as an indeclinable 'for the sake of', often takes genitive or dative.

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral)

Note: Declines identically for nominative and accusative plural.

अनृतानि (anṛtāni) - untruths, falsehoods

(noun)

neuter, plural of anṛta

anṛta - untruth, falsehood, false

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+ṛta)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• ṛta – truth, cosmic order, right
  noun (neuter)

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (used for present) (lit) of ah

Perfect tense (lit) form used for present meaning

Root: ah (class 2)

अपातकानि (apātakāni) - not sinful, blameless

(adjective)

neuter, plural of apātaka

apātaka - not causing sin, blameless, not a transgression

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pātaka)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• pātaka – sin, transgression, crime
  noun (neuter)
  Root: pat (class 1)