महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-159, verse-51

सुरापो नियताहारो ब्रह्मचारी क्षमाचरः ।
ऊर्ध्वं त्रिभ्योऽथ वर्षेभ्यो यजेताग्निष्टुता परम् ।
ऋषभैकसहस्रं गा दत्त्वा शुभमवाप्नुयात् ॥५१॥

51. surāpo niyatāhāro brahmacārī kṣamācaraḥ ,
ūrdhvaṁ tribhyo'tha varṣebhyo yajetāgniṣṭutā param ,
ṛṣabhaikasahasraṁ gā dattvā śubhamavāpnuyāt.

51. surāpaḥ niyata āhāraḥ brahmacārī kṣamā
caraḥ ūrdhvam tribhyaḥ atha varṣebhyaḥ
yajeta agniṣṭutā param ṛṣabha eka
sahasram gāḥ dattvā śubham avāpnuyāt

51. surāpaḥ [yaḥ] niyata āhāraḥ brahmacārī
kṣamā caraḥ [saḥ] tribhyaḥ varṣebhyaḥ ūrdhvam
atha param agniṣṭutā yajeta [saḥ] ṛṣabha
eka sahasram gāḥ dattvā śubham avāpnuyāt

51. A drinker of spirituous liquor, who observes a regulated diet, practices celibacy (brahmacārī), and is patient, should, after three years, perform the Agniṣṭut sacrifice. Having given one thousand bulls and cows, he would attain good fortune.

Words meanings summery:

• सुरापः (surāpaḥ) - a drinker of spirituous liquor

• नियत (niyata) - regulated (diet) (restrained, regulated, controlled)

• आहारः (āhāraḥ) - food, diet, eating

• ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - an ascetic, one observing celibacy

• क्षमा (kṣamā) - patience, forgiveness, endurance

• चरः (caraḥ) - practicing patience (practicing, moving, wandering)

• ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - after (three years) (upwards, above, after, later than)

• त्रिभ्यः (tribhyaḥ) - from three

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• वर्षेभ्यः (varṣebhyaḥ) - from years

• यजेत (yajeta) - should sacrifice

• अग्निष्टुता (agniṣṭutā) - by (means of) the Agniṣṭut sacrifice

• परम् (param) - then, after that (referring to the completion of the penance/time) (supreme, excellent, subsequently, then)

• ऋषभ (ṛṣabha) - bull (as part of the offering) (bull, chief, excellent)

• एक (eka) - one (thousand) (one, single)

• सहस्रम् (sahasram) - a thousand

• गाः (gāḥ) - cows

• दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given

• शुभम् (śubham) - auspiciousness, good, fortune, welfare

• अवाप्नुयात् (avāpnuyāt) - should obtain, would obtain, may attain

Words meanings and morphology

सुरापः (surāpaḥ) - a drinker of spirituous liquor

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of surāpa

surāpa - drinker of wine/liquor

Compound of surā (liquor) and pa (drinker, from √pā 'to drink')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (surā+pa)

• surā – spirituous liquor, wine
  noun (feminine)
• pa – drinker, protector
  noun (masculine)
  From root √pā 'to drink'
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied sentence.

नियत (niyata) - regulated (diet) (restrained, regulated, controlled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyata

niyata - restrained, regulated, fixed, self-controlled

Past Passive Participle

From ni-√yam 'to restrain, control'

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with āhāraḥ. Part of the compound niyatāhāraḥ.

आहारः (āhāraḥ) - food, diet, eating

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āhāra

āhāra - food, diet, eating, taking

From ā-√hṛ 'to take, eat'

Prefix: ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Part of the compound niyatāhāraḥ.

ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - an ascetic, one observing celibacy

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahmacārin

brahmacārin - religious student, celibate, an ascetic

Compound of brahman (Veda, sacred knowledge) and cārin (one who practices/moves)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+cārin)

• brahman – sacred knowledge, Veda, Brahman
  noun (masculine)
• cārin – one who practices, one who moves, one who follows
  adjective (masculine)
  From √car 'to move, practice' + -in suffix
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agrees with surāpaḥ.

क्षमा (kṣamā) - patience, forgiveness, endurance

(noun)

feminine, singular of kṣamā

kṣamā - patience, forgiveness, endurance, earth

Note: First part of the compound kṣamācaraḥ.

चरः (caraḥ) - practicing patience (practicing, moving, wandering)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cara

cara - moving, wandering, practicing, follower

From root √car 'to move, practice'

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agrees with surāpaḥ. Part of the compound kṣamācaraḥ.

ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - after (three years) (upwards, above, after, later than)

(indeclinable)

त्रिभ्यः (tribhyaḥ) - from three

(adjective)

Ablative, plural of tri

tri - three

Note: Governed by ūrdhvam.

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating sequence.

वर्षेभ्यः (varṣebhyaḥ) - from years

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, monsoon

Note: Governed by ūrdhvam.

यजेत (yajeta) - should sacrifice

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of √yaj

Root: yaj (class 1)

अग्निष्टुता (agniṣṭutā) - by (means of) the Agniṣṭut sacrifice

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of agniṣṭut

agniṣṭut - a particular soma sacrifice (Agniṣṭut)

Compound of agni (fire) and stut (praised, from √stu 'to praise')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (agni+stut)

• agni – fire, Agni
  noun (masculine)
• stut – praised
  verbal adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √stu 'to praise'
  Root: stu (class 2)

Note: Instrument of sacrifice.

परम् (param) - then, after that (referring to the completion of the penance/time) (supreme, excellent, subsequently, then)

(indeclinable)

ऋषभ (ṛṣabha) - bull (as part of the offering) (bull, chief, excellent)

(noun)

masculine, singular of ṛṣabha

ṛṣabha - bull, chief, excellent, best

Note: First part of the compound ṛṣabhaikasahasram.

एक (eka) - one (thousand) (one, single)

(adjective)

singular of eka

eka - one, single, unique

Note: Part of the compound ṛṣabhaikasahasram.

सहस्रम् (sahasram) - a thousand

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sahasra

sahasra - thousand

Note: Object of dattvā. Part of the compound ṛṣabhaikasahasram (one thousand bulls).

गाः (gāḥ) - cows

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light

Note: Object of dattvā.

दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root √dā 'to give' + -tvā suffix

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

शुभम् (śubham) - auspiciousness, good, fortune, welfare

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śubha

śubha - auspicious, good, beautiful, welfare, good fortune

Note: Object of avāpnuyāt.

अवाप्नुयात् (avāpnuyāt) - should obtain, would obtain, may attain

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of √āp

Prefix: ava

Root: āp (class 5)