महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-159, verse-31

गोब्राह्मणहितार्थं च वर्णानां संकरेषु च ।
गृह्णीयात्तु धनुर्वैश्यः परित्राणाय चात्मनः ॥३१॥

31. gobrāhmaṇahitārthaṁ ca varṇānāṁ saṁkareṣu ca ,
gṛhṇīyāttu dhanurvaiśyaḥ paritrāṇāya cātmanaḥ.

31. gobrāhmaṇahitārtham ca varṇānām saṃkareṣu ca
gṛhṇīyāt tu dhanuḥ vaiśyaḥ paritrāṇāya ca ātmanaḥ

31. vaiśyaḥ tu gobrāhmaṇahitārtham ca varṇānām
saṃkareṣu ca ātmanaḥ ca paritrāṇāya dhanuḥ gṛhṇīyāt

31. Indeed, a Vaishya should take up a bow for the welfare of cows and Brahmins, and during the confusion of social classes, and for the protection of himself (ātman).

Words meanings summery:

• गोब्राह्मणहितार्थम् (gobrāhmaṇahitārtham) - for the welfare of cows and Brahmins

• च (ca) - and, also

• वर्णानाम् (varṇānām) - of the social classes (brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya, śūdra) (of the social classes, of the colors)

• संकरेषु (saṁkareṣu) - in the intermixture or confusion of social classes (in confusions, in mixtures, in contaminations)

• च (ca) - and, also

• गृह्णीयात् (gṛhṇīyāt) - one should take up (a weapon) (one should take, one should seize, one should grasp)

• तु (tu) - emphasizes the injunction (but, indeed, however)

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - a weapon (bow) (bow, arc)

• वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - a Vaishya (member of the merchant/farmer class)

• परित्राणाय (paritrāṇāya) - for protection, for saving

• च (ca) - and, also

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, of the self (ātman)

Words meanings and morphology

गोब्राह्मणहितार्थम् (gobrāhmaṇahitārtham) - for the welfare of cows and Brahmins

(indeclinable)

Tatpurusha compound expressing purpose.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (go+brāhmaṇa+hita+artha)

• go – cow, earth, ray of light
  noun (feminine)
• brāhmaṇa – Brahmin, member of the priestly class
  noun (masculine)
• hita – welfare, benefit, good
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhā (to place), with prefix hi-
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, for the sake of
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used as an adverbial phrase of purpose.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects phrases.

वर्णानाम् (varṇānām) - of the social classes (brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya, śūdra) (of the social classes, of the colors)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of varṇa

varṇa - color, social class, caste, quality

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Possessive, 'of the social classes'.

संकरेषु (saṁkareṣu) - in the intermixture or confusion of social classes (in confusions, in mixtures, in contaminations)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of saṃkara

saṁkara - mixing, intermixture, hybridization, confusion

From root kṛ (to do) with prefix sam- (together)

Prefix: sam

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Indicates circumstances.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects phrases.

गृह्णीयात् (gṛhṇīyāt) - one should take up (a weapon) (one should take, one should seize, one should grasp)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of grah

Class 9 verb.

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Expresses an injunction 'should'.

तु (tu) - emphasizes the injunction (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - a weapon (bow) (bow, arc)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arc, rainbow

Root: dhan (class 1)

Note: Object of gṛhṇīyāt.

वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - a Vaishya (member of the merchant/farmer class)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśya

vaiśya - a member of the third social class (trader, farmer, artisan)

Derived from viś (people, settlement).

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Subject of the verb gṛhṇīyāt.

परित्राणाय (paritrāṇāya) - for protection, for saving

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of paritrāṇa

paritrāṇa - protection, preservation, salvation

From root trā (to protect) with prefix pari-.

Prefix: pari

Root: trā (class 2)

Note: Expresses purpose.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'for protection' with 'of oneself'.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, of the self (ātman)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

Note: Possessive, 'of oneself'.