महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-159, verse-24

उदक्या ह्यासते ये च ये च केचिदनग्नयः ।
कुलं चाश्रोत्रियं येषां सर्वे ते शूद्रधर्मिणः ॥२४॥

24. udakyā hyāsate ye ca ye ca kecidanagnayaḥ ,
kulaṁ cāśrotriyaṁ yeṣāṁ sarve te śūdradharmiṇaḥ.

24. udakyā hi āsate ye ca ye ca kecit anagnayaḥ
kulam ca aśrotriyam yeṣām sarve te śūdradharmiṇaḥ

24. hi ye udakyāḥ ca āsate,
ye ca kecit anagnayaḥ,
yeṣām kulam ca aśrotriyam,
te sarve śūdradharmiṇaḥ

24. Indeed, those who associate with menstruating women, and those who do not maintain sacred fires (anagnayaḥ), and those whose family (kulam) is not that of a Śrotriya (one learned in the Vedas)—all of them are considered to embody the natural law (dharma) of a Śūdra.

Words meanings summery:

• उदक्या (udakyā) - menstruating woman

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely

• आसते (āsate) - they associate with (they sit, they are present, they remain)

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• च (ca) - and

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• च (ca) - and

• केचित् (kecit) - some, certain ones

• अनग्नयः (anagnayaḥ) - not maintaining sacred fires, fireless

• कुलम् (kulam) - family, lineage, race

• च (ca) - and

• अश्रोत्रियम् (aśrotriyam) - not a Śrotriya, not learned in the Vedas

• येषाम् (yeṣām) - whose, of whom

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• ते (te) - they, those

• शूद्रधर्मिणः (śūdradharmiṇaḥ) - following the natural law (dharma) of a Śūdra, having the characteristics of a Śūdra

Words meanings and morphology

उदक्या (udakyā) - menstruating woman

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of udakyā

udakyā - a menstruating woman, a woman in her courses

Feminine noun.

Note: Acts as a predicate adjective for `ye`.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

आसते (āsate) - they associate with (they sit, they are present, they remain)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of ās

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Its subjects are `ye`.

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Pronominal stem.

Note: Subject of `āsate`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Pronominal stem.

Note: Subject of an implied verb "are" or refers to `anagnayaḥ`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

केचित् (kecit) - some, certain ones

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kaścid

kaścid - someone, something, some, certain

Indefinite pronoun, formed from `kim` + `cid`.

Note: Further qualifies `ye`.

अनग्नयः (anagnayaḥ) - not maintaining sacred fires, fireless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anagni

anagni - one who does not keep sacred fires, fireless

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound: `a-` (not) + `agni` (fire).

Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+agni)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• agni – fire, sacred fire
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicate for `ye`.

कुलम् (kulam) - family, lineage, race

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, lineage, race, house

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अश्रोत्रियम् (aśrotriyam) - not a Śrotriya, not learned in the Vedas

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of aśrotriya

aśrotriya - not a Śrotriya, not learned in the Vedas

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound: `a-` (not) + `śrotriya` (learned in Vedas).

Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śrotriya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• śrotriya – one who has studied the Vedas, learned in sacred texts
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from `śrotra` (ear, learning) with taddhita suffix.
  Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Agrees with `kulam`.

येषाम् (yeṣām) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Pronominal stem.

Note: Possessive for `kulam`.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Pronominal stem.

Note: Collects all the previous relative clauses.

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Pronominal stem.

Note: Subject of the implied verb "are" with `śūdradharmiṇaḥ`.

शूद्रधर्मिणः (śūdradharmiṇaḥ) - following the natural law (dharma) of a Śūdra, having the characteristics of a Śūdra

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūdradharmin

śūdradharmin - one who has the natural law (dharma) of a Śūdra, following the rules of a Śūdra

Bahuvrīhi compound: `śūdra` (member of the fourth social class) + `dharmin` (having the nature/qualities of).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (śūdra+dharmin)

• śūdra – member of the fourth social class
  noun (masculine)
• dharmin – having the nature of, following the natural law (dharma) of, characterized by
  adjective (masculine)
  Adjective from noun dharma + -in
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for `sarve te`.