महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-159, verse-57

त्यजत्यकारणे यश्च पितरं मातरं तथा ।
पतितः स्यात्स कौरव्य तथा धर्मेषु निश्चयः ॥५७॥

57. tyajatyakāraṇe yaśca pitaraṁ mātaraṁ tathā ,
patitaḥ syātsa kauravya tathā dharmeṣu niścayaḥ.

57. tyajati akāraṇe yaḥ ca pitaram mātaram tathā
patitaḥ syāt saḥ kauravya tathā dharmeṣu niścayaḥ

57. yaḥ ca akāraṇe pitaram mātaram tathā tyajati saḥ
patitaḥ syāt kauravya tathā dharmeṣu niścayaḥ

57. He who abandons his father and mother without just cause becomes an outcast. O Kauravya, this is indeed the established rule concerning sacred duties (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• त्यजति (tyajati) - abandons, forsakes, gives up

• अकारणे (akāraṇe) - without cause, causelessly, for no reason

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• च (ca) - and, also

• पितरम् (pitaram) - father

• मातरम् (mātaram) - mother

• तथा (tathā) - thus, likewise, similarly

• पतितः (patitaḥ) - fallen, degraded, outcast

• स्यात् (syāt) - may be, would be, should be

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• कौरव्य (kauravya) - O Kauravya, descendant of Kuru

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• धर्मेषु (dharmeṣu) - in the sacred duties, in the laws, in the principles of natural law

• निश्चयः (niścayaḥ) - certainty, firm conclusion, definite rule

Words meanings and morphology

त्यजति (tyajati) - abandons, forsakes, gives up

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of tyaj

Root: tyaj (class 1)

अकारणे (akāraṇe) - without cause, causelessly, for no reason

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of akāraṇa

akāraṇa - without cause, causeless, motiveless

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kāraṇa)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• kāraṇa – cause, reason, motive
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Functions adverbially.

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पितरम् (pitaram) - father

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

मातरम् (mātaram) - mother

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

तथा (tathā) - thus, likewise, similarly

(indeclinable)

पतितः (patitaḥ) - fallen, degraded, outcast

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, degraded, outcast

Past Passive Participle

from root pat (to fall) with -ta suffix

Root: pat (class 1)

स्यात् (syāt) - may be, would be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कौरव्य (kauravya) - O Kauravya, descendant of Kuru

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kauravya

kauravya - descendant of Kuru

patronymic from Kuru

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

धर्मेषु (dharmeṣu) - in the sacred duties, in the laws, in the principles of natural law

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, religious merit

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

निश्चयः (niścayaḥ) - certainty, firm conclusion, definite rule

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niścaya

niścaya - certainty, firm determination, fixed rule, conviction

from niś-√ci (to ascertain)

Prefix: nis

Root: ci (class 5)