महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-159, verse-61

एष दण्डो महाराज स्त्रीणां भर्तृव्यतिक्रमे ।
संवत्सराभिशस्तस्य दुष्टस्य द्विगुणो भवेत् ॥६१॥

61. eṣa daṇḍo mahārāja strīṇāṁ bhartṛvyatikrame ,
saṁvatsarābhiśastasya duṣṭasya dviguṇo bhavet.

61. eṣaḥ daṇḍaḥ mahārāja strīṇām bhartṛvyatikrame
saṃvatsarābhiśastasya duṣṭasya dviguṇaḥ bhavet

61. mahārāja eṣaḥ daṇḍaḥ strīṇām bhartṛvyatikrame (asti) (ca)
duṣṭasya saṃvatsarābhiśastasya (daṇḍaḥ) dviguṇaḥ bhavet

61. O great king, this punishment is for women who transgress against their husbands. For a wicked person (duṣṭa) who has been accused for a year, the punishment should be double.

Words meanings summery:

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one

• दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - punishment, stick, staff

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• स्त्रीणाम् (strīṇām) - of women

• भर्तृव्यतिक्रमे (bhartṛvyatikrame) - in the transgression against the husband

• संवत्सराभिशस्तस्य (saṁvatsarābhiśastasya) - of one accused for a year

• दुष्टस्य (duṣṭasya) - of the wicked, of the guilty

• द्विगुणः (dviguṇaḥ) - double, twofold

• भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, may be

Words meanings and morphology

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Refers to the punishment.

दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - punishment, stick, staff

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa

daṇḍa - punishment, stick, staff, scepter

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king

Compound of mahā (great) and rāja (king).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rāja)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

स्त्रीणाम् (strīṇām) - of women

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of strī

strī - woman, female

भर्तृव्यतिक्रमे (bhartṛvyatikrame) - in the transgression against the husband

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhartṛvyatikrama

bhartṛvyatikrama - transgression against husband

Compound of bhartṛ (husband) and vyatikrama (transgression).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhartṛ+vyatikrama)

• bhartṛ – husband, supporter
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root bhṛ (to bear, support).
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)
• vyatikrama – transgression, violation, passing over
  noun (masculine)
  From root kram with prefixes vi and ati.
  Prefixes: vi+ati
  Root: kram (class 1)

संवत्सराभिशस्तस्य (saṁvatsarābhiśastasya) - of one accused for a year

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of saṃvatsarābhiśasta

saṁvatsarābhiśasta - accused for a year

Past Passive Participle

Compound of saṃvatsara (year) and abhiśasta (accused). abhiśasta is derived from root śas with prefix abhi.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saṃvatsara+abhiśasta)

• saṃvatsara – year
  noun (masculine)
• abhiśasta – accused, condemned
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root śas with prefix abhi.
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: śas (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'duṣṭasya'.

दुष्टस्य (duṣṭasya) - of the wicked, of the guilty

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of duṣṭa

duṣṭa - wicked, bad, corrupt, guilty

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root duṣ (to become bad) + kta suffix.

Root: duṣ (class 4)

Note: Refers to the transgressing woman or a general wicked person.

द्विगुणः (dviguṇaḥ) - double, twofold

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dviguṇa

dviguṇa - double, twofold

Compound of dvi (two) and guṇa (fold/multiplied).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi/tatpuruṣa (dvi+guṇa)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• guṇa – quality, property, multiple, fold
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies daṇḍaḥ (implied).

भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, may be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)