महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-159, verse-58

ग्रासाच्छादनमत्यर्थं दद्यादिति निदर्शनम् ।
भार्यायां व्यभिचारिण्यां निरुद्धायां विशेषतः ।
यत्पुंसां परदारेषु तच्चैनां चारयेद्व्रतम् ॥५८॥

58. grāsācchādanamatyarthaṁ dadyāditi nidarśanam ,
bhāryāyāṁ vyabhicāriṇyāṁ niruddhāyāṁ viśeṣataḥ ,
yatpuṁsāṁ paradāreṣu taccaināṁ cārayedvratam.

58. grāsācchādanam atyartham dadyāt iti
nidarśanam bhāryāyām vyabhicāriṇyām
niruddhāyām viśeṣataḥ yat puṃsām
paradāreṣu tat ca enām cārayet vratam

58. grāsācchādanam atyartham dadyāt iti
nidarśanam vyabhicāriṇyām niruddhāyām
bhāryāyām viśeṣataḥ yat puṃsām
paradāreṣu tat ca enām vratam cārayet

58. One should provide ample food and clothing; this is the rule. This applies especially to an unchaste wife who is confined. Furthermore, whatever penance (vrata) is prescribed for men who engage with other men's wives, that same vow one should make her observe.

Words meanings summery:

• ग्रासाच्छादनम् (grāsācchādanam) - food and clothing

• अत्यर्थम् (atyartham) - exceedingly, very much, abundantly

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - one should give, may give

• इति (iti) - thus, so, marking a quote or explanation

• निदर्शनम् (nidarśanam) - example, illustration, rule

• भार्यायाम् (bhāryāyām) - in the wife, to the wife, regarding the wife

• व्यभिचारिण्याम् (vyabhicāriṇyām) - in the unchaste one, regarding the adulterous one

• निरुद्धायाम् (niruddhāyām) - in the restrained one, when confined

• विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially, particularly

• यत् (yat) - which, whatever

• पुंसाम् (puṁsām) - of men, for men

• परदारेषु (paradāreṣu) - among other men's wives, with other men's wives

• तत् (tat) - that, that (vow)

• च (ca) - and, also

• एनाम् (enām) - her

• चारयेत् (cārayet) - one should make perform, one should cause to observe

• व्रतम् (vratam) - penance (vow, religious observance, penance)

Words meanings and morphology

ग्रासाच्छादनम् (grāsācchādanam) - food and clothing

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of grāsācchādana

grāsācchādana - food and clothing

Compound type : dvandva (grāsa+ācchādana)

• grāsa – food, mouthful
  noun (masculine)
  Root: gras (class 1)
• ācchādana – clothing, covering
  noun (neuter)
  from ā-√chad (to cover)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: chad (class 10)

Note: Object of 'dadyāt'.

अत्यर्थम् (atyartham) - exceedingly, very much, abundantly

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (ati+artha)

• ati – over, beyond, exceeding
  indeclinable
  prefix
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions as an adverb modifying 'dadyāt'.

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - one should give, may give

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of dā

Root: dā (class 3)

इति (iti) - thus, so, marking a quote or explanation

(indeclinable)

निदर्शनम् (nidarśanam) - example, illustration, rule

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nidarśana

nidarśana - example, illustration, rule, precept

from ni-√dṛś (to show)

Prefix: ni

Root: dṛś (class 1)

भार्यायाम् (bhāryāyām) - in the wife, to the wife, regarding the wife

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife, she who is to be supported

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle (feminine)

from root bhṛ (to bear, support) + -ya suffix

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

व्यभिचारिण्याम् (vyabhicāriṇyām) - in the unchaste one, regarding the adulterous one

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of vyabhicāriṇī

vyabhicāriṇī - unchaste woman, adulterous woman

Agent noun/Adjective (feminine)

from vi-abhi-√car (to go astray)

Prefixes: vi+abhi

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'bhāryāyām'.

निरुद्धायाम् (niruddhāyām) - in the restrained one, when confined

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of niruddhā

niruddhā - restrained, confined, imprisoned (feminine)

Past Passive Participle (feminine)

from nir-√rudh (to obstruct, confine)

Prefix: nis

Root: rudh (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'bhāryāyām'.

विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially, particularly

(indeclinable)

from viśeṣa + -tas suffix

यत् (yat) - which, whatever

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, whatever, that

Note: Refers to 'vratam' implied or explicitly mentioned later.

पुंसाम् (puṁsām) - of men, for men

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of puṃs

puṁs - man, male, person

परदारेषु (paradāreṣu) - among other men's wives, with other men's wives

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of paradāra

paradāra - another's wife

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (para+dāra)

• para – other, another
  adjective (masculine)
• dāra – wife (usually plural in this sense)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to sexual relations with other men's wives.

तत् (tat) - that, that (vow)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to 'vratam'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एनाम् (enām) - her

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, her

चारयेत् (cārayet) - one should make perform, one should cause to observe

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of car

Causative verb

Causative of √car (to move)

Root: car (class 1)

व्रतम् (vratam) - penance (vow, religious observance, penance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vrata

vrata - vow, sacred observance, religious practice, penance