महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-138, verse-56

न शुष्कवैरं कुर्वीत न बाहुभ्यां नदीं तरेत् ।
अपार्थकमनायुष्यं गोविषाणस्य भक्षणम् ।
दन्ताश्च परिघृष्यन्ते रसश्चापि न लभ्यते ॥५६॥

56. na śuṣkavairaṁ kurvīta na bāhubhyāṁ nadīṁ taret ,
apārthakamanāyuṣyaṁ goviṣāṇasya bhakṣaṇam ,
dantāśca parighṛṣyante rasaścāpi na labhyate.

56. na śuṣkavairam kurvīta na bāhubhyām
nadīm taret | apārthakam anāyuṣyam
goviṣāṇasya bhakṣaṇam | dantāḥ ca
parighṛṣyante rasaḥ ca api na labhyate

56. na śuṣkavairam kurvīta na bāhubhyām
nadīm taret goviṣāṇasya bhakṣaṇam
apārthakam anāyuṣyam [bhavati] dantāḥ ca
parighṛṣyante ca api rasaḥ na labhyate

56. One should not engage in futile enmity, nor should one attempt to cross a river merely with one's arms. Eating a cow's horn is pointless and detrimental to one's lifespan. The teeth are ground down, and no taste is even obtained.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• शुष्कवैरम् (śuṣkavairam) - dry enmity, futile enmity

• कुर्वीत (kurvīta) - one should do/make/engage in

• न (na) - not, nor

• बाहुभ्याम् (bāhubhyām) - with two arms

• नदीम् (nadīm) - river

• तरेत् (taret) - one should cross/traverse

• अपार्थकम् (apārthakam) - useless, pointless, meaningless

• अनायुष्यम् (anāyuṣyam) - shortening life, not conducive to long life

• गोविषाणस्य (goviṣāṇasya) - of a cow's horn

• भक्षणम् (bhakṣaṇam) - eating, consuming

• दन्ताः (dantāḥ) - teeth

• च (ca) - and

• परिघृष्यन्ते (parighṛṣyante) - are ground down, are rubbed away

• रसः (rasaḥ) - taste, juice, essence

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even

• न (na) - not

• लभ्यते (labhyate) - is obtained, is found

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

negative particle

Note: Negates the verb `kurvīta`.

शुष्कवैरम् (śuṣkavairam) - dry enmity, futile enmity

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śuṣkavaira

śuṣkavaira - dry enmity, fruitless hostility

`śuṣka` (dry/futile) + `vaira` (enmity)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śuṣka+vaira)

• śuṣka – dry, withered, fruitless
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root `śuṣ` (to dry) + `kta`
  Root: śuṣ (class 4)
• vaira – enmity, hostility
  noun (neuter)
  from `vīra` (hero) or `vī` (bird), implying conflict

Note: Object of `kurvīta`.

कुर्वीत (kurvīta) - one should do/make/engage in

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of kṛ

Optative Mood, 3rd person singular, Middle Voice

from root `kṛ`, `vikaraṇa u` in middle

Root: kṛ (class 8)

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

negative particle

Note: Negates the verb `taret`.

बाहुभ्याम् (bāhubhyām) - with two arms

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of bāhu

bāhu - arm

u-stem masculine noun

Note: Means of crossing.

नदीम् (nadīm) - river

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river

ī-stem feminine noun

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Object of `taret`.

तरेत् (taret) - one should cross/traverse

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of tṛ

Optative Mood, 3rd person singular, Active Voice

from root `tṛ`

Root: tṛ (class 1)

अपार्थकम् (apārthakam) - useless, pointless, meaningless

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of apārthaka

apārthaka - useless, pointless, meaningless

`a` (not) + `pārthaka` (meaningful)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pārthaka)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• pārthaka – meaningful, useful
  adjective (neuter)
  from `artha` (purpose, meaning)

Note: Predicative adjective for `bhakṣaṇam`.

अनायुष्यम् (anāyuṣyam) - shortening life, not conducive to long life

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anāyuṣya

anāyuṣya - not conducive to long life, shortening life

`an` (not) + `āyuṣya` (conducive to long life)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+āyuṣya)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• āyuṣya – conducive to long life, wholesome
  adjective (neuter)
  from `āyus` (life) + suffix `ya`

Note: Predicative adjective for `bhakṣaṇam`.

गोविषाणस्य (goviṣāṇasya) - of a cow's horn

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of goviṣāṇa

goviṣāṇa - cow's horn

`go` (cow) + `viṣāṇa` (horn)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (go+viṣāṇa)

• go – cow, ox
  noun (masculine)
  o-stem noun
  Root: gam (class 1)
• viṣāṇa – horn, tusk
  noun (neuter)
  from root `viṣ` (to be active) or `viṣā` (horn)

Note: Possessive for `bhakṣaṇam`.

भक्षणम् (bhakṣaṇam) - eating, consuming

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhakṣaṇa

bhakṣaṇa - eating, consuming, food

from root `bhakṣ` (to eat) + suffix `ana`

Root: bhakṣ (class 10)

Note: Subject of the implied verb "is".

दन्ताः (dantāḥ) - teeth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of danta

danta - tooth

from root `dam` (to tame) or `daś` (to bite)

Root: daś (class 1)

Note: Subject of `parighṛṣyante`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses.

परिघृष्यन्ते (parighṛṣyante) - are ground down, are rubbed away

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (lat) of parighṛṣ

Present Passive Mood, 3rd person plural

from root `ghṛṣ` (to rub) with prefix `pari`, `ya` passive marker

Prefix: pari

Root: ghṛṣ (class 1)

रसः (rasaḥ) - taste, juice, essence

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rasa

rasa - taste, juice, essence, fluid, aesthetic sentiment

from root `ras` (to taste)

Root: ras (class 1)

Note: Subject of `labhyate`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses.

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes `na labhyate`.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

negative particle

Note: Negates the verb `labhyate`.

लभ्यते (labhyate) - is obtained, is found

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of labh

Present Passive Mood, 3rd person singular

from root `labh` (to obtain) with `ya` passive marker

Root: labh (class 1)