महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-138, verse-30

दण्डेनोपनतं शत्रुं यो राजा न नियच्छति ।
स मृत्युमुपगूह्यास्ते गर्भमश्वतरी यथा ॥३०॥

30. daṇḍenopanataṁ śatruṁ yo rājā na niyacchati ,
sa mṛtyumupagūhyāste garbhamaśvatarī yathā.

30. daṇḍena upanatam śatrum yaḥ rājā na niyacchati
saḥ mṛtyum upagūhya āste garbham aśvatarī yathā

30. yaḥ rājā daṇḍena upanatam śatrum na niyacchati,
saḥ aśvatarī yathā garbham (bibhratī),
(tathā) mṛtyum upagūhya āste.

30. A king who fails to control an enemy that has been brought to submission through force (daṇḍa) is, in effect, embracing death, much like a she-mule that carries a fetus (which ultimately leads to her own demise).

Words meanings summery:

• दण्डेन (daṇḍena) - by force, by military might (by punishment, by force, by a staff)

• उपनतम् (upanatam) - subdued, brought under control (subdued, brought near, approached, yielded)

• शत्रुम् (śatrum) - enemy, adversary

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which, that

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• न (na) - not, no

• नियच्छति (niyacchati) - controls, restrains, holds back

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death

• उपगूह्य (upagūhya) - having held close, embracing (having concealed, having hidden, having embraced)

• आस्ते (āste) - is (in the state of), abides (with) (sits, exists, abides)

• गर्भम् (garbham) - fetus, pregnancy (fetus, embryo, womb, interior)

• अश्वतरी (aśvatarī) - she-mule

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in what manner

Words meanings and morphology

दण्डेन (daṇḍena) - by force, by military might (by punishment, by force, by a staff)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of daṇḍa

daṇḍa - stick, staff, rod, punishment, penalty, royal authority, army, force

उपनतम् (upanatam) - subdued, brought under control (subdued, brought near, approached, yielded)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upanata

upanata - bowed, bent, humble, approached, subdued, submitted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'nam' (to bow, to yield) with prefix 'upa' (near, towards).

Prefix: upa

Root: nam (class 1)

Note: Modifying 'śatrum'.

शत्रुम् (śatrum) - enemy, adversary

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, adversary

यः (yaḥ) - who, which, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

नियच्छति (niyacchati) - controls, restrains, holds back

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of niyam

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, dying, the god of death

उपगूह्य (upagūhya) - having held close, embracing (having concealed, having hidden, having embraced)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root 'gūh' (to conceal, to hide) with prefix 'upa' (near, close).

Prefix: upa

Root: gūh (class 1)

आस्ते (āste) - is (in the state of), abides (with) (sits, exists, abides)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ās

Root: ās (class 2)

गर्भम् (garbham) - fetus, pregnancy (fetus, embryo, womb, interior)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of garbha

garbha - fetus, embryo, womb, interior, child

अश्वतरी (aśvatarī) - she-mule

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of aśvatarī

aśvatarī - she-mule

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in what manner

(indeclinable)