महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-138, verse-5

अलब्धस्य कथं लिप्सा लब्धं केन विवर्धते ।
वर्धितं पालयेत्केन पालितं प्रणयेत्कथम् ॥५॥

5. alabdhasya kathaṁ lipsā labdhaṁ kena vivardhate ,
vardhitaṁ pālayetkena pālitaṁ praṇayetkatham.

5. alabdhāsya katham lipsā labdham kena vivardhate
vardhitam pālayet kena pālitam praṇayet katham

5. alabdhāsya lipsā katham labdham kena vivardhate
vardhitam kena pālayet pālitam katham praṇayet

5. How is there a desire to acquire what has not been obtained? By what means is what has been acquired made to flourish? By what means should what has flourished be protected? And how should what has been protected be utilized?

Words meanings summery:

• अलब्धास्य (alabdhāsya) - of the unobtained, of what is not acquired

• कथम् (katham) - how, by what means (how, in what manner, why)

• लिप्सा (lipsā) - desire to acquire (desire to obtain, acquisition)

• लब्धम् (labdham) - what has been acquired (what is obtained, acquired)

• केन (kena) - by what means (by whom, by what)

• विवर्धते (vivardhate) - is made to flourish, is developed (it increases, flourishes, grows, develops)

• वर्धितम् (vardhitam) - what has flourished (what has been increased, developed, flourished)

• पालयेत् (pālayet) - should be protected (one should protect, guard, maintain)

• पालितम् (pālitam) - what has been protected (what has been protected, guarded)

• प्रणयेत् (praṇayet) - should be employed/utilized (one should lead forward, apply, employ, make use of, manage)

Words meanings and morphology

अलब्धास्य (alabdhāsya) - of the unobtained, of what is not acquired

(adjective)

Genitive, neuter, singular of alabdha

alabdha - unobtained, unacquired, not received

Past Passive Participle

Derived from 'a' (negation) + 'labdha' (past passive participle of 'labh', to obtain).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+labdha)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• labdha – obtained, acquired, received
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'labh' (to obtain)
  Root: labh (class 1)

कथम् (katham) - how, by what means (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

लिप्सा (lipsā) - desire to acquire (desire to obtain, acquisition)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of lipsā

lipsā - desire to obtain, wish to get, acquisition

desiderative noun

From desiderative stem of 'labh' (to obtain)

Root: labh (class 1)

लब्धम् (labdham) - what has been acquired (what is obtained, acquired)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of labdha

labdha - obtained, acquired, received

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'labh' (to obtain)

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Functions as a substantive (noun) here, object of 'increase'.

केन (kena) - by what means (by whom, by what)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

विवर्धते (vivardhate) - is made to flourish, is developed (it increases, flourishes, grows, develops)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vivardh

present tense

Root 'vṛdh' (to grow) with 'vi' prefix. Present 3rd singular middle voice.

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

वर्धितम् (vardhitam) - what has flourished (what has been increased, developed, flourished)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vardhita

vardhita - increased, grown, nourished, developed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vṛdh' (to grow, increase)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Functions as a substantive (noun) here, object of 'protect'.

पालयेत् (pālayet) - should be protected (one should protect, guard, maintain)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of pālay

optative mood

Causative stem of root 'pā' (to protect). Optative 3rd singular active.

Root: pā (class 2)

पालितम् (pālitam) - what has been protected (what has been protected, guarded)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pālita

pālita - protected, guarded, maintained, ruled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the causative stem 'pālay' (to protect)

Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Functions as a substantive (noun) here, object of 'employ'.

प्रणयेत् (praṇayet) - should be employed/utilized (one should lead forward, apply, employ, make use of, manage)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of praṇī

optative mood

Root 'nī' (to lead) with prefix 'pra'. Optative 3rd singular active.

Prefix: pra

Root: nī (class 1)