महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-138, verse-54

प्रहरिष्यन्प्रियं ब्रूयात्प्रहृत्यापि प्रियोत्तरम् ।
अपि चास्य शिरश्छित्त्वा रुद्याच्छोचेदथापि वा ॥५४॥

54. prahariṣyanpriyaṁ brūyātprahṛtyāpi priyottaram ,
api cāsya śiraśchittvā rudyācchocedathāpi vā.

54. prahariṣyan priyam brūyāt prahṛtyā api priyottaram
| api ca asya śiraḥ chittvā rudyāt śocet atha api vā

54. prahariṣyan priyam brūyāt prahṛtyā api priyottaram [brūyāt]
api ca asya śiraḥ chittvā [api] rudyāt atha api vā śocet

54. One who is about to strike should speak pleasantly, and even after striking, should offer a kind response. Moreover, even after cutting off someone's head, one should weep or lament.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रहरिष्यन् (prahariṣyan) - one who is about to strike, intending to strike

• प्रियम् (priyam) - pleasant, agreeable, beloved

• ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - one should speak/say

• प्रहृत्या (prahṛtyā) - having struck, after striking

• अपि (api) - even, also

• प्रियोत्तरम् (priyottaram) - a pleasant/kind reply/response

• अपि (api) - even, also

• च (ca) - and, moreover

• अस्य (asya) - his, of him

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

• छित्त्वा (chittvā) - having cut, after cutting

• रुद्यात् (rudyāt) - one should weep/cry

• शोचेत् (śocet) - one should lament/grieve

• अथ (atha) - then, thus, moreover

• अपि (api) - even, also

• वा (vā) - or

Words meanings and morphology

प्रहरिष्यन् (prahariṣyan) - one who is about to strike, intending to strike

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prahariṣyat

prahariṣyat - about to strike, intending to strike

Future Active Participle

from root `hṛ` with prefix `pra`, with future stem `hariṣya` and `śatṛ` suffix

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Acts as the subject of `brūyāt`.

प्रियम् (priyam) - pleasant, agreeable, beloved

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of priya

priya - pleasant, agreeable, dear, beloved

Root: prī (class 4)

Note: Adverbial usage, or as object of speaking.

ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - one should speak/say

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of brū

Optative Mood

3rd person singular

Root: brū (class 2)

प्रहृत्या (prahṛtyā) - having struck, after striking

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root `hṛ` with prefix `pra` and suffix `-tyā`

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the action of striking.

प्रियोत्तरम् (priyottaram) - a pleasant/kind reply/response

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of priyottara

priyottara - a pleasant/kind reply

`priya` (pleasant) + `uttara` (reply)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (priya+uttara)

• priya – pleasant, dear
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: prī (class 4)
• uttara – reply, answer
  noun (neuter)
  from `ud-tṛ` (to cross over, reply)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of `brūyāt`.

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the following phrase.

च (ca) - and, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses.

अस्य (asya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to the person being struck/killed.

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head

s-stem neuter noun

Note: Object of `chittvā`.

छित्त्वा (chittvā) - having cut, after cutting

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root `chid` (to cut) with suffix `ktvā`

Root: chid (class 7)

रुद्यात् (rudyāt) - one should weep/cry

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of rud

Optative Mood

3rd person singular

Root: rud (class 2)

शोचेत् (śocet) - one should lament/grieve

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of śuc

Optative Mood

3rd person singular

Root: śuc (class 1)

अथ (atha) - then, thus, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Intensifies `vā`.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `rudyāt` and `śocet`.