महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-138, verse-2

भीष्म उवाच ।
हन्त ते कथयिष्यामि नीतिमापत्सु भारत ।
उत्सृज्यापि घृणां काले यथा वर्तेत भूमिपः ॥२॥

2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
hanta te kathayiṣyāmi nītimāpatsu bhārata ,
utsṛjyāpi ghṛṇāṁ kāle yathā varteta bhūmipaḥ.

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca hanta te kathayiṣyāmi nītim āpatsu
bhārata utsṛjya api ghṛṇām kāle yathā varteta bhūmipaḥ

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca hanta bhārata te āpatsu nītim kathayiṣyāmi
yathā bhūmipaḥ kāle ghṛṇām api utsṛjya varteta

2. Bhishma said: "Indeed, O Bhārata, I will tell you the proper conduct (nīti) for times of calamity, explaining how a king should behave, even abandoning compassion at the appropriate moment."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• हन्त (hanta) - indeed, alas, oh

• ते (te) - to you

• कथयिष्यामि (kathayiṣyāmi) - I will tell, I will narrate

• नीतिम् (nītim) - policy, conduct, guidance

• आपत्सु (āpatsu) - in calamities, in distress

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (O descendant of Bharata)

• उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having given up

• अपि (api) - even, also

• घृणाम् (ghṛṇām) - pity, compassion (pity, compassion, hatred)

• काले (kāle) - at the time, at the appropriate moment

• यथा (yathā) - as, how, in which manner

• वर्तेत (varteta) - should behave, should act

• भूमिपः (bhūmipaḥ) - a king, ruler of the earth

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - terrible, formidable, Bhishma (son of Shantanu and Ganga)

From root bhī (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

हन्त (hanta) - indeed, alas, oh

(indeclinable)

Note: Expresses emphasis or a mild exclamatory tone.

ते (te) - to you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Note: Enclitic form of the second person pronoun.

कथयिष्यामि (kathayiṣyāmi) - I will tell, I will narrate

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of kath

Causative from root kṛt (to cut), or denominative from katha (story).

Root: kath (class 10)

नीतिम् (nītim) - policy, conduct, guidance

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nīti

nīti - guidance, conduct, policy, morality, ethics

From root nī (to lead).

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Object of 'kathayiṣyāmi'.

आपत्सु (āpatsu) - in calamities, in distress

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of āpad

āpad - calamity, distress, misfortune

From ā-pad (to fall into).

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata

A patronymic from Bharata.

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having given up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

From root sṛj (to release, create) with prefix ut-.

Prefix: ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb.

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic.

घृणाम् (ghṛṇām) - pity, compassion (pity, compassion, hatred)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ghṛṇā

ghṛṇā - pity, compassion, hatred, disgust

Note: Object of 'utsṛjya'.

काले (kāle) - at the time, at the appropriate moment

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, proper time

Note: Denotes "at a certain time" or "in due course".

यथा (yathā) - as, how, in which manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a clause indicating manner.

वर्तेत (varteta) - should behave, should act

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of vṛt

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Expresses a command, wish, or possibility ("should behave").

भूमिपः (bhūmipaḥ) - a king, ruler of the earth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhūmipa

bhūmipa - king, ruler, protector of the earth

Compound of 'bhūmi' (earth) and 'pa' (protector, ruler).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhūmi+pa)

• bhūmi – earth, ground, land
  noun (feminine)
• pa – protector, guardian, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect, to rule).
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'varteta'.