महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-138, verse-4

राजा शत्रुंतपो नाम सौवीराणां महारथः ।
कणिङ्कमुपसंगम्य पप्रच्छार्थविनिश्चयम् ॥४॥

4. rājā śatruṁtapo nāma sauvīrāṇāṁ mahārathaḥ ,
kaṇiṅkamupasaṁgamya papracchārthaviniścayam.

4. rājā śatruṃtapaḥ nāma sauvīrāṇām mahārathaḥ
kaṇiṅkam upasaṃgamya papraccha arthaviniścayam

4. rājā śatruṃtapaḥ nāma sauvīrāṇām mahārathaḥ
kaṇiṅkam upasaṃgamya arthaviniścayam papraccha

4. "A king named Shatruntapa, a great warrior among the Sauvīras, approached Kaṇiṅka and asked for decisive counsel on matters."

Words meanings summery:

• राजा (rājā) - king

• शत्रुंतपः (śatruṁtapaḥ) - Shatruntapa

• नाम (nāma) - named, by name

• सौवीराणाम् (sauvīrāṇām) - of the Sauvīras (people of the Sauvīra country)

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - a great charioteer, a great warrior

• कणिङ्कम् (kaṇiṅkam) - to Kaṇiṅka

• उपसंगम्य (upasaṁgamya) - having approached, having gone near

• पप्रच्छ (papraccha) - he asked

• अर्थविनिश्चयम् (arthaviniścayam) - ascertainment of purpose, decisive counsel on matters

Words meanings and morphology

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Subject of the sentence.

शत्रुंतपः (śatruṁtapaḥ) - Shatruntapa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatruṃtapa

śatruṁtapa - Shatruntapa (name of a king), one who scorches enemies

Compound of 'śatru' (enemy) and 'tapa' (scorching, afflicting).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śatru+tapa)

• śatru – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• tapa – heat, austerity, scorching, afflicting
  noun (masculine)
  From root tap (to heat, to be hot).
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: In apposition to 'rājā'.

नाम (nāma) - named, by name

(indeclinable)

Accusative singular of nāman (name) used adverbially.

Note: Used to introduce a name or emphasize it.

सौवीराणाम् (sauvīrāṇām) - of the Sauvīras (people of the Sauvīra country)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sauvīra

sauvīra - a king or person from the Sauvīra country; the Sauvīra country itself

Note: Indicates a group or region.

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - a great charioteer, a great warrior

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great charioteer, a great warrior (one who can fight 10,000 bowmen)

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'ratha' (chariot/warrior).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• ratha – chariot, warrior (often implying one who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: In apposition to 'rājā śatruṃtapaḥ'.

कणिङ्कम् (kaṇiṅkam) - to Kaṇiṅka

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kaṇiṅka

kaṇiṅka - Kaṇiṅka (name of a sage or counselor)

Note: Object of motion/direction for 'upasaṃgamya'.

उपसंगम्य (upasaṁgamya) - having approached, having gone near

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

From root gam (to go) with prefixes upa- and sam-.

Prefixes: upa+sam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb 'papraccha'.

पप्रच्छ (papraccha) - he asked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of prach

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: The main verb of the sentence.

अर्थविनिश्चयम् (arthaviniścayam) - ascertainment of purpose, decisive counsel on matters

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arthaviniścaya

arthaviniścaya - ascertainment of purpose/meaning, decisive conclusion, decisive counsel on matters

Compound of 'artha' (purpose, matter) and 'viniścaya' (ascertainment, decision).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (artha+viniścaya)

• artha – purpose, meaning, object, matter, wealth
  noun (masculine)
• viniścaya – ascertainment, decision, determination, conviction
  noun (masculine)
  From root ci (to gather) with prefixes vi- and ni-.
  Prefixes: vi+ni
  Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Object of 'papraccha'.