योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-139, verse-40

यावदाश्वसिमि क्षिप्रं डिण्डीरे चाद्रिखण्डके ।
तावदेत्य हतो वेगाद्वैरिणेवातिवारिणा ॥ ४० ॥

yāvadāśvasimi kṣipraṃ ḍiṇḍīre cādrikhaṇḍake ,
tāvadetya hato vegādvairiṇevātivāriṇā 40

40. yāvat āśvasimi kṣipram ḍiṇḍīre ca adriKhaṇḍake
tāvat etya hataḥ vegāt vairiṇā iva ativāriṇā

40. yāvat kṣipram ḍiṇḍīre ca adriKhaṇḍake āśvasimi
tāvat ativāriṇā vairiṇā iva vegāt etya hataḥ

40. As soon as I manage to quickly take a breath, either on the foam or on a piece of rock, at that very moment, the excessive water, like an enemy, comes and forcefully strikes me.

Words meanings summery:

• यावत् (yāvat) - as soon as (as long as, as far as, whenever)

• आश्वसिमि (āśvasimi) - I take a breath (to recover) (I breathe, I take a breath, I recover)

• क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, immediately)

• डिण्डीरे (ḍiṇḍīre) - on the foam, on the froth

• च (ca) - or (in this context of alternatives for finding a place to breathe) (and)

• अद्रिखण्डके (adrikhaṇḍake) - on a piece of rock/mountain

• तावत् (tāvat) - at that very moment (then, at that very moment, so long)

• एत्य (etya) - having come, after coming

• हतः (hataḥ) - struck (struck, hit, killed)

• वेगात् (vegāt) - forcefully (with speed, swiftly, forcefully)

• वैरिणा (vairiṇā) - by an enemy

• इव (iva) - as if (like, as, as if)

• अतिवारिणा (ativāriṇā) - by the excessive water (by excessive water)

Words meanings and morphology

यावत् (yāvat) - as soon as (as long as, as far as, whenever)

(indeclinable)

Correlative adverb to tāvat.

आश्वसिमि (āśvasimi) - I take a breath (to recover) (I breathe, I take a breath, I recover)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of āśvas

Present Active Indicative

First person singular, present tense, active voice, from root śvas with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: The subject 'I' is implicit.

क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, immediately)

(indeclinable)

Accusative singular neuter used adverbially.

Note: Modifies āśvasimi.

डिण्डीरे (ḍiṇḍīre) - on the foam, on the froth

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ḍiṇḍīra

ḍiṇḍīra - foam, froth, scum

Note: One of the surfaces for taking breath.

च (ca) - or (in this context of alternatives for finding a place to breathe) (and)

(indeclinable)

A conjunction. Can imply 'or' when connecting two possibilities.

Note: Connects ḍiṇḍīre and adriKhaṇḍake.

अद्रिखण्डके (adrikhaṇḍake) - on a piece of rock/mountain

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of adriKhaṇḍaka

adriKhaṇḍaka - piece of rock, fragment of mountain

adri (mountain/rock) + khaṇḍaka (piece).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (adri+khaṇḍaka)

• adri – mountain, rock, stone
  noun (masculine)
• khaṇḍaka – piece, fragment, part
  noun (neuter)
  Diminutive of khaṇḍa.

Note: Null for person/tense_mode/lakara/voice as it's a noun.

तावत् (tāvat) - at that very moment (then, at that very moment, so long)

(indeclinable)

Correlative adverb to yāvat.

Note: Indicates the consequence of the yāvat clause.

एत्य (etya) - having come, after coming

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root i (to go) with suffix -tya (after prefix). Here no explicit prefix, but etya is a common form for i absolutive without prefix sam. Can also be from ā-i.

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Describes the action of the water.

हतः (hataḥ) - struck (struck, hit, killed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - struck, hit, killed, damaged

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Null for person/tense_mode/lakara/voice as it's a participle.

वेगात् (vegāt) - forcefully (with speed, swiftly, forcefully)

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular used adverbially.

Note: Null for gender/number/person/tense_mode as it's an adverb.

वैरिणा (vairiṇā) - by an enemy

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vairin

vairin - enemy, hostile person

From vaira (enmity).

Note: Agent in the comparison vairiṇā iva.

इव (iva) - as if (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating comparison.

Note: Null for gender/number/person/tense_mode as it's a particle.

अतिवारिणा (ativāriṇā) - by the excessive water (by excessive water)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ativārin

ativārin - excessive water, too much water

Compound ati (excessive) + vārin (water).

Compound type : Karmadharaya (ati+vārin)

• ati – excessive, over, beyond
  indeclinable
  Prefix/adverb.
• vārin – water, containing water
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from vari (water).
  Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: ativārin used as an instrumental agent.