योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-63, verse-40

रुद्रमात्मानमालोक्य जीवटादिमयं तथा ।
बोधादविस्मयार्होऽपि स भिक्षुर्विस्मयं ययौ ॥ ४० ॥

rudramātmānamālokya jīvaṭādimayaṃ tathā ,
bodhādavismayārho'pi sa bhikṣurvismayaṃ yayau 40

40. rudram ātmānam ālokya jīvaṭa-ādi-mayam tathā bodhāt
avismaya-arhaḥ api saḥ bhikṣuḥ vismayam yayau

40. saḥ bhikṣuḥ rudram ātmānam jīvaṭa-ādi-mayam tathā
ālokya bodhāt avismaya-arhaḥ api vismayam yayau

40. Having perceived Rudra as his (own) true self (ātman), and (that self) as embodying `jīvaṭa` (lifeless matter) and other elements, that mendicant experienced astonishment, even though, due to his profound awakening, he should not have been susceptible to surprise.

Words meanings summery:

• रुद्रम् (rudram) - Rudra, the deity (Rudra (accusative))

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - his own true self (ātman) (the self, the soul, the spirit)

• आलोक्य (ālokya) - having perceived (Rudra as his ātman) (having seen, having perceived, having observed)

• जीवट-आदि-मयम् (jīvaṭa-ādi-mayam) - consisting of inanimate matter and other elements (referring to the nature of the perceived self/Rudra) (consisting of lifeless matter and others)

• तथा (tathā) - and, in the same way (connecting the two perceptions) (thus, so, and, in the same way)

• बोधात् (bodhāt) - due to his (profound) awakening (from awakening, due to knowledge/perception)

• अविस्मय-अर्हः (avismaya-arhaḥ) - not worthy of being surprised (not worthy of wonder, not liable to surprise)

• अपि (api) - even though (also, even, though)

• सः (saḥ) - that (mendicant) (that, he)

• भिक्षुः (bhikṣuḥ) - that mendicant (mendicant)

• विस्मयम् (vismayam) - astonishment (wonder, astonishment, surprise)

• ययौ (yayau) - he experienced (wonder) (he went, he obtained, he experienced)

Words meanings and morphology

रुद्रम् (rudram) - Rudra, the deity (Rudra (accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rudra

rudra - Rudra (a Vedic deity, later identified with Shiva), howling, roaring

Root: rud (class 2)

Note: Object of 'ālokya'.

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - his own true self (ātman) (the self, the soul, the spirit)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essential nature, breath

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Object of 'ālokya', implying seeing Rudra *as* his self.

आलोक्य (ālokya) - having perceived (Rudra as his ātman) (having seen, having perceived, having observed)

(indeclinable)

absolutive / gerund

From root 'lok' (or 'loc') with upasarga 'ā' and suffix '-ya'.

Prefix: ā

Root: lok (class 10)

Note: The agent is 'bhikṣuḥ'.

जीवट-आदि-मयम् (jīvaṭa-ādi-mayam) - consisting of inanimate matter and other elements (referring to the nature of the perceived self/Rudra) (consisting of lifeless matter and others)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jīvaṭa-ādi-maya

jīvaṭa-ādi-maya - consisting of 'jīvaṭa' (lifeless matter) and similar things

Compound type : tatpurusha (jīvaṭa+ādi+maya)

• jīvaṭa – lifeless, inert, insipid, a species of tree
  noun/adjective (masculine/neuter)
• ādi – beginning, et cetera, and others
  indeclinable/noun
• maya – consisting of, full of
  suffix
  Suffix indicating material or abundance, forming adjectives.

Note: Qualifies 'ātman' (implied).

तथा (tathā) - and, in the same way (connecting the two perceptions) (thus, so, and, in the same way)

(indeclinable)

बोधात् (bodhāt) - due to his (profound) awakening (from awakening, due to knowledge/perception)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of bodha

bodha - awakening, knowledge, perception, understanding, wisdom

From root 'budh'.

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Indicates cause.

अविस्मय-अर्हः (avismaya-arhaḥ) - not worthy of being surprised (not worthy of wonder, not liable to surprise)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avismaya-arha

avismaya-arha - not worthy of wonder, not liable to surprise

Compound type : nanj-tatpurusha (a+vismaya-arha)

• a – not, non-
  prefix
• vismaya-arha – worthy of wonder, liable to surprise
  adjective (masculine)
• vismaya – wonder, astonishment, surprise
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'smī' with prefix 'vi'.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: smī (class 1)
• arha – worthy, deserving, capable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'arh'.
  Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'bhikṣuḥ'.

अपि (api) - even though (also, even, though)

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - that (mendicant) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'bhikṣuḥ'.

भिक्षुः (bhikṣuḥ) - that mendicant (mendicant)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhikṣu

bhikṣu - mendicant, beggar, a Buddhist monk or ascetic

From root 'bhikṣ' (desiderative of 'bhaj').

Root: bhikṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'yayau'.

विस्मयम् (vismayam) - astonishment (wonder, astonishment, surprise)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vismaya

vismaya - wonder, astonishment, surprise, bewilderment

From root 'smī' with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: smī (class 1)

Note: Object of 'yayau'.

ययौ (yayau) - he experienced (wonder) (he went, he obtained, he experienced)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect indicative (lit) of yā

perfect active indicative

From root 'yā'. 'yayau' is 3rd person singular perfect.

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Subject is 'bhikṣuḥ'.