योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-9, verse-4

तत्र प्रोड्डयनालोलखगपक्षतिचञ्चलाः ।
आलोकयंल्लोकगतीर्विललापेदमाकुलः ॥ ४ ॥

tatra proḍḍayanālolakhagapakṣaticañcalāḥ ,
ālokayaṃllokagatīrvilalāpedamākulaḥ 4

4. tatra proḍḍayanālolakhagapakṣaticañcalāḥ
ālokayan lokagatīḥ vilalāpa idam ākulaḥ

4. tatra proḍḍayanālolakhagapakṣaticañcalāḥ
lokagatīḥ ālokayan ākulaḥ idam vilalāpa

4. There, as he observed the movements of the world (lokagati), which were as restless as the fluttering wings of birds soaring upwards, he, greatly distressed (ākulaḥ), lamented thus.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• प्रोड्डयनालोलखगपक्षतिचञ्चलाः (proḍḍayanālolakhagapakṣaticañcalāḥ) - describing the ways of the world (lokagati) as unsteady and agitated (unsteady, restless, agitated like the wings of flying birds)

• आलोकयन् (ālokayan) - observing, seeing, looking at

• लोकगतीः (lokagatīḥ) - movements of the world (lokagati) (ways of the world, human affairs, movements of people)

• विललाप (vilalāpa) - lamented, wept, cried out

• इदम् (idam) - this (referring to what he then lamented) (this, this (matter/speech))

• आकुलः (ākulaḥ) - greatly distressed (ākulaḥ) (distressed, agitated, bewildered, confused)

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

from demonstrative pronoun 'tad' + 'tral' suffix

प्रोड्डयनालोलखगपक्षतिचञ्चलाः (proḍḍayanālolakhagapakṣaticañcalāḥ) - describing the ways of the world (lokagati) as unsteady and agitated (unsteady, restless, agitated like the wings of flying birds)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of proḍḍayanālolakhagapakṣaticañcala

proḍḍayanālolakhagapakṣaticañcala - unsteady like the agitated wings of flying birds

Compound of proḍḍayana (flying up), ālola (trembling), khaga (bird), pakṣati (wing), cañcala (unsteady).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi or tatpuruṣa (proḍḍayana+ālola+khaga+pakṣati+cañcala)

• pra-uḍḍayana – flying up, soaring
  noun (neuter)
  From pra-uḍ-√dī (to fly up)
  Prefixes: pra+ud
  Root: dī (class 4)
• ālola – trembling, agitated, quivering
  adjective (feminine)
  From ā-lol (to shake)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: lol
• khaga – bird (literally 'sky-goer')
  noun (masculine)
  Compound: kha (sky) + ga (goer)
• pakṣati – wing-root, wing
  noun (feminine)
• cañcala – unsteady, restless, wavering, fickle
  adjective (feminine)
  From root cal (to move) with iterative 'cañc' form
  Root: cal (class 1)

Note: Acts as a descriptor for the observed 'lokagatīḥ', despite a potential grammatical discrepancy in case agreement (nominative vs. accusative for 'lokagatīḥ').

आलोकयन् (ālokayan) - observing, seeing, looking at

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ālokayat

ālokayat - observing, seeing

present active participle

from ā-lok (to see, perceive)

Prefix: ā

Root: lok (class 10)

Note: Modifies the implied subject (he).

लोकगतीः (lokagatīḥ) - movements of the world (lokagati) (ways of the world, human affairs, movements of people)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of lokagati

lokagati - ways of the world, course of the world, worldly affairs

Compound: loka (world) + gati (movement, course)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (loka+gati)

• loka – world, people, universe
  noun (masculine)
• gati – movement, course, way, condition
  noun (feminine)
  From gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of 'ālokayan'.

विललाप (vilalāpa) - lamented, wept, cried out

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vi-lap

perfect (lit)

Reduplicated perfect, 3rd person singular active

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

इदम् (idam) - this (referring to what he then lamented) (this, this (matter/speech))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Note: Object of 'vilalāpa'.

आकुलः (ākulaḥ) - greatly distressed (ākulaḥ) (distressed, agitated, bewildered, confused)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ākula

ākula - distressed, agitated, confused, full of, bewildered

Note: Modifies the implied subject (he).