योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-9, verse-36

अज्ञानैकहतो बाल्ये यौवने मदनाहतः ।
शेषे कलत्रचिन्तार्तः किं करोति कदा जडः ॥ ३६ ॥

ajñānaikahato bālye yauvane madanāhataḥ ,
śeṣe kalatracintārtaḥ kiṃ karoti kadā jaḍaḥ 36

36. ajñānaikahataḥ bālye yauvane madanāhataḥ
śeṣe kalatracintārtaḥ kim karoti kadā jaḍaḥ

36. bālye ajñānaikahataḥ yauvane madanāhataḥ
śeṣe kalatracintārtaḥ jaḍaḥ kadā kim karoti

36. When, then, can a dull-witted person (jaḍa), struck by ignorance (ajñāna) in childhood, afflicted by desire in youth, and tormented by anxiety for his family in old age, ever achieve anything?

Words meanings summery:

• अज्ञानैकहतः (ajñānaikahataḥ) - struck solely by ignorance, afflicted by sole ignorance

• बाल्ये (bālye) - in childhood

• यौवने (yauvane) - in youth, in young age

• मदनाहतः (madanāhataḥ) - struck by love/desire, afflicted by desire

• शेषे (śeṣe) - in the remainder, in old age, at the end

• कलत्रचिन्तार्तः (kalatracintārtaḥ) - distressed by worries about his wife/family

• किम् (kim) - what?

• करोति (karoti) - does, performs, makes

• कदा (kadā) - when?

• जडः (jaḍaḥ) - a dull-witted person, a fool, inert

Words meanings and morphology

अज्ञानैकहतः (ajñānaikahataḥ) - struck solely by ignorance, afflicted by sole ignorance

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ajñānaikahata

ajñānaikahata - struck solely by ignorance, afflicted by sole ignorance

Past Passive Participle

Compound of ajñāna (ignorance) + eka (sole) + hata (struck/killed, PPP of han). 'Eka' here functions as an intensifier/limiter, meaning 'solely' or 'only'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ajñāna+eka+hata)

• ajñāna – ignorance, nescience
  noun (neuter)
  From 'a' (not) + 'jñāna' (knowledge)
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• eka – one, sole, alone, singular
  adjective (masculine)
• hata – struck, killed, afflicted, destroyed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'han' (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'jaḍaḥ'.

बाल्ये (bālye) - in childhood

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bālya

bālya - childhood, infancy

Derived from 'bāla' (child)

यौवने (yauvane) - in youth, in young age

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yauvana

yauvana - youth, adolescence

Derived from 'yuvan' (young)

मदनाहतः (madanāhataḥ) - struck by love/desire, afflicted by desire

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madanāhata

madanāhata - struck by love/desire, afflicted by desire

Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'madana' (desire) + 'āhata' (struck/afflicted, PPP of han with prefix ā).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madana+āhata)

• madana – love, desire, lust, god of love (Kama)
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'mad' (to be intoxicated, to rejoice)
  Root: mad (class 4)
• āhata – struck, afflicted, hurt, wounded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'han' with prefix 'ā'
  Prefix: ā
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'jaḍaḥ'.

शेषे (śeṣe) - in the remainder, in old age, at the end

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śeṣa

śeṣa - remainder, end, old age

From root 'śiṣ' (to leave as a remainder)

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Refers to the last stage of life.

कलत्रचिन्तार्तः (kalatracintārtaḥ) - distressed by worries about his wife/family

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kalatracintārta

kalatracintārta - distressed by worries about one's family/wife

Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'kalatra' (wife/family), 'cintā' (worry), and 'ārta' (distressed, PPP of ṛ with ā). 'Kalatra-cintā' is a Tatpuruṣa (worry for family); then '(kalatracintā)-ārta' is an instrumental Tatpuruṣa (distressed by family worry).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kalatra+cintā+ārta)

• kalatra – wife, family, spouse
  noun (neuter)
• cintā – thought, worry, anxiety
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'cit' (to think)
  Root: cit (class 10)
• ārta – distressed, afflicted, tormented, suffering
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'ṛ' (to go, to move) with prefix 'ā', commonly meaning 'distressed'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'jaḍaḥ'.

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what?, why?, how?

Note: Object of 'karoti'.

करोति (karoti) - does, performs, makes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ

present active

3rd person singular present active indicative

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कदा (kadā) - when?

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb of time

जडः (jaḍaḥ) - a dull-witted person, a fool, inert

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jaḍa

jaḍa - dull, inert, foolish, stupid, frozen

Note: Subject of 'karoti'.