योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-9, verse-27

हतं हतमिदं कस्मादायुराततयानया ।
पश्यन्नपि न पश्यामि सूक्ष्मया काललेखया ॥ २७ ॥

hataṃ hatamidaṃ kasmādāyurātatayānayā ,
paśyannapi na paśyāmi sūkṣmayā kālalekhayā 27

27. hatam hatam idam kasmāt āyuḥ ātatayā anayā |
paśyan api na paśyāmi sūkṣmayā kālarekṣayā ||

27. kasmāt idam āyuḥ anayā ātatayā sūkṣmayā kālarekṣayā
hatam hatam [bhavati]? [aham] paśyan api na paśyāmi

27. Why is this life (āyuḥ) destroyed, destroyed, by this extended thread? Although seeing, I do not perceive the subtle course of time (kāla).

Words meanings summery:

• हतम् (hatam) - destroyed (destroyed, killed, struck, abandoned)

• हतम् (hatam) - destroyed (destroyed, killed, struck, abandoned)

• इदम् (idam) - this (life) (this, this one (neuter nominative singular))

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why (why, from what, for what reason)

• आयुः (āyuḥ) - life (life, longevity, duration)

• आततया (ātatayā) - by this extended (thread) (by the extended, by the stretched, by the pervasive)

• अनया (anayā) - by this (by this (feminine instrumental singular))

• पश्यन् (paśyan) - although seeing (seeing, looking, perceiving (masculine nominative singular))

• अपि (api) - although (also, even, although)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I perceive (I see, I perceive, I look)

• सूक्ष्मया (sūkṣmayā) - by the subtle (by the subtle, by the minute, by the fine)

• कालरेक्षया (kālarekṣayā) - by the subtle course of time (kāla) (by the line/course of time)

Words meanings and morphology

हतम् (hatam) - destroyed (destroyed, killed, struck, abandoned)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hata

hata - destroyed, killed, struck, abandoned

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'han' (to strike, kill) with suffix -ta

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Repeated for emphasis.

हतम् (hatam) - destroyed (destroyed, killed, struck, abandoned)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hata

hata - destroyed, killed, struck, abandoned

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'han' (to strike, kill) with suffix -ta

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Repeated for emphasis.

इदम् (idam) - this (life) (this, this one (neuter nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Nominative singular neuter form of the demonstrative pronoun 'idam'

Note: Refers to `āyuḥ`.

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why (why, from what, for what reason)

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of the interrogative pronoun 'kim', often used adverbially to mean 'why'

Note: Introduces the question.

आयुः (āyuḥ) - life (life, longevity, duration)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āyus

āyus - life, longevity, duration

's'-stem noun

आततया (ātatayā) - by this extended (thread) (by the extended, by the stretched, by the pervasive)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of ātata

ātata - extended, stretched, pervasive

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'tan' (to stretch) with prefix 'ā'

Prefix: ā

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Qualifies `kālarekṣayā`.

अनया (anayā) - by this (by this (feminine instrumental singular))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Instrumental singular feminine form of the demonstrative pronoun 'idam'

Note: Qualifies `kālarekṣayā`.

पश्यन् (paśyan) - although seeing (seeing, looking, perceiving (masculine nominative singular))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, looking, perceiving

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'dṛś' (to see) which changes to 'paśya' in present tense, with suffix -at

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Functions adverbially, indicating a condition.

अपि (api) - although (also, even, although)

(indeclinable)

Particle

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

Note: Negates the verb `paśyāmi`.

पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I perceive (I see, I perceive, I look)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present active first person singular form of root 'dṛś', which takes 'paśya' stem in present tense

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The main verb of the second clause.

सूक्ष्मया (sūkṣmayā) - by the subtle (by the subtle, by the minute, by the fine)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of sūkṣma

sūkṣma - subtle, minute, fine, delicate

Instrumental singular feminine form

Root: sūc (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `kālarekṣayā`.

कालरेक्षया (kālarekṣayā) - by the subtle course of time (kāla) (by the line/course of time)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of kālarekṣā

kālarekṣā - line of time, course of time

Compound of 'kāla' (time) and 'rekhā' (line, streak, drawing)

Compound type : tatpurusha (kāla+rekhā)

• kāla – time, period, black
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kal (class 10)
• rekhā – line, streak, drawing
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root 'likh' (to scratch, write)
  Root: likh (class 6)

Note: Refers to the subtle, continuous progression of time.