योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-9, verse-27

हतं हतमिदं कस्मादायुराततयानया ।
पश्यन्नपि न पश्यामि सूक्ष्मया काललेखया ॥ २७ ॥

hataṃ hatamidaṃ kasmādāyurātatayānayā ,
paśyannapi na paśyāmi sūkṣmayā kālalekhayā 27

27. hatam hatam idam kasmāt āyuḥ ātatayā anayā |
paśyan api na paśyāmi sūkṣmayā kālarekṣayā ||

27. kasmāt idam āyuḥ anayā ātatayā sūkṣmayā kālarekṣayā
hatam hatam [bhavati]? [aham] paśyan api na paśyāmi

27. Why is this life (āyuḥ) destroyed, destroyed, by this extended thread? Although seeing, I do not perceive the subtle course of time (kāla).

27. מדוע חרב הזמן הזו זוללת את חיי שוב ושוב? אף שאני רואה זאת, אינני מבחין בחוט הזמן הדק שממשיך לקצר את חיי.

Words meanings summery:

• हतम् (hatam) - destroyed (destroyed, killed, struck, abandoned)

• हतम् (hatam) - destroyed (destroyed, killed, struck, abandoned)

• इदम् (idam) - this (life) (this, this one (neuter nominative singular))

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why (why, from what, for what reason)

• आयुः (āyuḥ) - life (life, longevity, duration)

• आततया (ātatayā) - by this extended (thread) (by the extended, by the stretched, by the pervasive)

• अनया (anayā) - by this (by this (feminine instrumental singular))

• पश्यन् (paśyan) - although seeing (seeing, looking, perceiving (masculine nominative singular))

• अपि (api) - although (also, even, although)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I perceive (I see, I perceive, I look)

• सूक्ष्मया (sūkṣmayā) - by the subtle (by the subtle, by the minute, by the fine)

• कालरेक्षया (kālarekṣayā) - by the subtle course of time (kāla) (by the line/course of time)

Words meanings and morphology

हतम् (hatam) - destroyed (destroyed, killed, struck, abandoned)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hata

hata - destroyed, killed, struck, abandoned

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'han' (to strike, kill) with suffix -ta

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Repeated for emphasis.

हतम् (hatam) - destroyed (destroyed, killed, struck, abandoned)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hata

hata - destroyed, killed, struck, abandoned

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'han' (to strike, kill) with suffix -ta

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Repeated for emphasis.

इदम् (idam) - this (life) (this, this one (neuter nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Nominative singular neuter form of the demonstrative pronoun 'idam'

Note: Refers to `āyuḥ`.

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why (why, from what, for what reason)

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of the interrogative pronoun 'kim', often used adverbially to mean 'why'

Note: Introduces the question.

आयुः (āyuḥ) - life (life, longevity, duration)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āyus

āyus - life, longevity, duration

's'-stem noun

आततया (ātatayā) - by this extended (thread) (by the extended, by the stretched, by the pervasive)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of ātata

ātata - extended, stretched, pervasive

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'tan' (to stretch) with prefix 'ā'

Prefix: ā

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Qualifies `kālarekṣayā`.

अनया (anayā) - by this (by this (feminine instrumental singular))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Instrumental singular feminine form of the demonstrative pronoun 'idam'

Note: Qualifies `kālarekṣayā`.

पश्यन् (paśyan) - although seeing (seeing, looking, perceiving (masculine nominative singular))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, looking, perceiving

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'dṛś' (to see) which changes to 'paśya' in present tense, with suffix -at

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Functions adverbially, indicating a condition.

अपि (api) - although (also, even, although)

(indeclinable)

Particle

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

Note: Negates the verb `paśyāmi`.

पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I perceive (I see, I perceive, I look)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present active first person singular form of root 'dṛś', which takes 'paśya' stem in present tense

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The main verb of the second clause.

सूक्ष्मया (sūkṣmayā) - by the subtle (by the subtle, by the minute, by the fine)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of sūkṣma

sūkṣma - subtle, minute, fine, delicate

Instrumental singular feminine form

Root: sūc (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `kālarekṣayā`.

कालरेक्षया (kālarekṣayā) - by the subtle course of time (kāla) (by the line/course of time)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of kālarekṣā

kālarekṣā - line of time, course of time

Compound of 'kāla' (time) and 'rekhā' (line, streak, drawing)

Compound type : tatpurusha (kāla+rekhā)

• kāla – time, period, black
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kal (class 10)
• rekhā – line, streak, drawing
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root 'likh' (to scratch, write)
  Root: likh (class 6)

Note: Refers to the subtle, continuous progression of time.

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