योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-9, verse-52

संसार एव दुःखानां सीमान्त इति कथ्यते ।
तन्मध्यपतिते देहे सुखमासाद्यते कथम् ॥ ५२ ॥

saṃsāra eva duḥkhānāṃ sīmānta iti kathyate ,
tanmadhyapatite dehe sukhamāsādyate katham 52

52. saṃsāraḥ eva duḥkhānām sīmā-antaḥ iti kathyate
tat-madhya-patite dehe sukham āsādyate katham

52. saṃsāraḥ eva duḥkhānām sīmā-antaḥ iti kathyate
tat-madhya-patite dehe sukham katham āsādyate

52. Indeed, the cycle of transmigration (saṃsāra) itself is declared to be the ultimate limit of all sufferings. How, then, can happiness be obtained in a body that has fallen into its midst?

Words meanings summery:

• संसारः (saṁsāraḥ) - transmigration, worldly existence

• एव (eva) - emphasizes that saṃsāra *is* the boundary of suffering (indeed, just, only, itself)

• दुःखानाम् (duḥkhānām) - of sufferings, of miseries

• सीमा-अन्तः (sīmā-antaḥ) - the ultimate extent or endpoint of suffering (boundary, end limit)

• इति (iti) - introduces the statement/declaration (thus, so, indicates direct speech or thought)

• कथ्यते (kathyate) - is said, is declared, is spoken

• तत्-मध्य-पतिते (tat-madhya-patite) - in a body that is trapped within the cycle of saṃsāra (in that fallen into its midst, in that situated in its middle)

• देहे (dehe) - in the body

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, pleasure

• आसाद्यते (āsādyate) - is obtained, is found, is reached

• कथम् (katham) - rhetorical question implying "it cannot be found" (how, in what manner)

Words meanings and morphology

संसारः (saṁsāraḥ) - transmigration, worldly existence

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃsāra

saṁsāra - transmigration, cycle of birth and death, worldly existence

Root: sṛ (class 1)

एव (eva) - emphasizes that saṃsāra *is* the boundary of suffering (indeed, just, only, itself)

(indeclinable)

दुःखानाम् (duḥkhānām) - of sufferings, of miseries

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, misery, pain, sorrow

सीमा-अन्तः (sīmā-antaḥ) - the ultimate extent or endpoint of suffering (boundary, end limit)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sīmā-anta

sīmā-anta - boundary, end limit, extreme edge

Compound type : tatpurusha (sīmā+anta)

• sīmā – boundary, limit, border
  noun (feminine)
• anta – end, limit, boundary, edge
  noun (masculine)

इति (iti) - introduces the statement/declaration (thus, so, indicates direct speech or thought)

(indeclinable)

कथ्यते (kathyate) - is said, is declared, is spoken

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present indicative (laṭ) of kath

causative form of kṛ (to do), or denominal from kathā (story)

Root: kath (class 10)

तत्-मध्य-पतिते (tat-madhya-patite) - in a body that is trapped within the cycle of saṃsāra (in that fallen into its midst, in that situated in its middle)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of tat-madhya-patita

tat-madhya-patita - fallen into its midst

Compound type : tatpurusha (tad+madhya+patita)

• tad – that
  pronoun
• madhya – middle, in the midst of
  noun (neuter)
• patita – fallen, descended, situated
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from root pat (to fall)
  Root: pat (class 1)

Note: agrees with dehe

देहे (dehe) - in the body

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of deha

deha - body, physical form

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, pleasure

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, pleasure, comfort

Note: subject of the passive verb āsādyate

आसाद्यते (āsādyate) - is obtained, is found, is reached

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present indicative (laṭ) of āsād

derived from root sad (to sit, perish) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

कथम् (katham) - rhetorical question implying "it cannot be found" (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)