योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-9, verse-37

आगमापायि विरसं दशावैषम्यदूषितम् ।
असारसारं संसारं किं तत्पश्यति दुर्मतिः ॥ ३७ ॥

āgamāpāyi virasaṃ daśāvaiṣamyadūṣitam ,
asārasāraṃ saṃsāraṃ kiṃ tatpaśyati durmatiḥ 37

37. āgamāpāyi virasam daśāvaiṣamyadūṣitam
asārasāram saṃsāram kim tat paśyati durmatiḥ

37. durmatiḥ āgamāpāyi virasam daśāvaiṣamyadūṣitam
asārasāram saṃsāram tat kim paśyati

37. What does such a foolish person (durmati) perceive in this worldly existence (saṃsāra), which is ephemeral, devoid of true joy, corrupted by the inequalities of life's stages, and utterly lacking in real substance?

Words meanings summery:

• आगमापायि (āgamāpāyi) - transient, ephemeral, subject to coming and going

• विरसम् (virasam) - unpleasant, tasteless, devoid of essence

• दशावैषम्यदूषितम् (daśāvaiṣamyadūṣitam) - tainted by the unevenness of conditions/states, corrupted by life's inequalities

• असारसारम् (asārasāram) - whose essence is non-essence, essentially worthless, lacking true substance

• संसारम् (saṁsāram) - the worldly existence, the cycle of rebirth (saṃsāra)

• किम् (kim) - what? why?

• तत् (tat) - that, therefore, so

• पश्यति (paśyati) - sees, perceives, observes

• दुर्मतिः (durmatiḥ) - a fool, one with bad intellect, ill-minded

Words meanings and morphology

आगमापायि (āgamāpāyi) - transient, ephemeral, subject to coming and going

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āgamāpāyin

āgamāpāyin - subject to coming and going, transient, ephemeral

Compound of 'āgama' (coming) and 'apāya' (going away/ending) with the suffix 'in' forming an adjective.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (āgama+apāya)

• āgama – coming, approach, arrival
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'gam' with prefix 'ā'
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)
• apāya – departure, going away, disappearance, loss, end
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'i' with prefix 'apa'
  Prefix: apa
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'saṃsāram'.

विरसम् (virasam) - unpleasant, tasteless, devoid of essence

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of virasa

virasa - devoid of taste, unpleasant, tasteless, disagreeable

From 'vi' (negative/without) + 'rasa' (taste/essence)

Compound type : pradi-samāsa (vi+rasa)

• vi – apart, astray, without, intensifier
  upasarga
• rasa – taste, essence, juice, sentiment
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'saṃsāram'.

दशावैषम्यदूषितम् (daśāvaiṣamyadūṣitam) - tainted by the unevenness of conditions/states, corrupted by life's inequalities

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of daśāvaiṣamyadūṣita

daśāvaiṣamyadūṣita - tainted by the unevenness of conditions

Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'daśā' (state/condition), 'vaiṣamya' (unevenness) and 'dūṣita' (tainted/corrupted, PPP of dūṣ). 'Daśā-vaiṣamya' is a Tatpuruṣa (unevenness of states); then '(daśāvaiṣamyena) dūṣita' is an instrumental Tatpuruṣa (tainted by unevenness of states).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (daśā+vaiṣamya+dūṣita)

• daśā – state, condition, stage of life, fate
  noun (feminine)
• vaiṣamya – unevenness, inequality, difficulty, adversity
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from 'viṣama' (uneven, difficult)
• dūṣita – tainted, corrupted, spoiled, polluted
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'dūṣ' (to pollute, corrupt)
  Root: dūṣ (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'saṃsāram'.

असारसारम् (asārasāram) - whose essence is non-essence, essentially worthless, lacking true substance

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of asārasāra

asārasāra - whose essence is non-essence, essentially worthless

Compound of 'a' (not), 'sāra' (essence) and 'sāra' (essence). This is a Bahuvrihi compound: 'that whose essence (sāra) is without (a) essence (sāra)'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+sāra+sāra)

• a – not, non-
  prefix
• sāra – essence, core, substance, valuable part
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'sṛ' (to go, flow)
  Root: sṛ (class 1)
• sāra – essence, core, substance, valuable part
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'sṛ' (to go, flow)
  Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'saṃsāram'.

संसारम् (saṁsāram) - the worldly existence, the cycle of rebirth (saṃsāra)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃsāra

saṁsāra - cycle of rebirth, worldly existence, transmigration (saṃsāra)

From root 'sṛ' (to go, flow) with prefix 'sam'

Prefix: sam

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'paśyati'.

किम् (kim) - what? why?

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that, therefore, so

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Refers to 'saṃsāram'.

पश्यति (paśyati) - sees, perceives, observes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

present active

3rd person singular present active indicative, derived from root 'dṛś' with 'paśya' stem.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

दुर्मतिः (durmatiḥ) - a fool, one with bad intellect, ill-minded

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durmati

durmati - bad mind/intellect, foolish, stupid

Compound of 'dur' (bad/difficult) + 'mati' (mind/intellect).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dur+mati)

• dur – bad, evil, difficult
  prefix/indeclinable
• mati – mind, intellect, thought, understanding
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'man' (to think)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'paśyati'.