योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-33, verse-69

भोगेष्वस्वदमानेषु पुंसः श्रेयः पुरो गतम् ।
क्षीणेऽन्धकारे किं नाम मनसोऽन्यत्प्रवर्तते ॥ ६९ ॥

bhogeṣvasvadamāneṣu puṃsaḥ śreyaḥ puro gatam ,
kṣīṇe'ndhakāre kiṃ nāma manaso'nyatpravartate 69

69. bhogeṣu asvadamāneṣu puṃsaḥ śreyaḥ puraḥ gatam
kṣīṇe andhakāre kim nāma manasaḥ anyat pravartate

69. bhogeṣu asvadamāneṣu puṃsaḥ śreyaḥ puraḥ gatam
kṣīṇe andhakāre kim nāma manasaḥ anyat pravartate

69. When worldly enjoyments are no longer relished, the ultimate good (śreyas) for a person has already moved forward. For when darkness is completely dispelled, what else, indeed, could activate the mind?

Words meanings summery:

• भोगेषु (bhogeṣu) - in enjoyments, in worldly pleasures

• अस्वदमानेषु (asvadamāneṣu) - cease to be appealing (when not being relished, unappealing)

• पुंसः (puṁsaḥ) - for a person (of a man, of a person)

• श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - welfare, ultimate good, excellence, bliss

• पुरः (puraḥ) - forward, in front, ahead

• गतम् (gatam) - progressed, moved forward (gone, reached, attained)

• क्षीणे (kṣīṇe) - when completely dispelled (when diminished, when destroyed, when dwindled)

• अन्धकारे (andhakāre) - in darkness

• किम् (kim) - what else? (in conjunction with anyat) (what?, why?, how?)

• नाम (nāma) - indeed, possibly (emphatic particle) (indeed, truly, namely, by name)

• मनसः (manasaḥ) - of the mind, from the mind

• अन्यत् (anyat) - other (thing) (other, different, another)

• प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - could activate/arise (proceeds, advances, is active, arises)

Words meanings and morphology

भोगेषु (bhogeṣu) - in enjoyments, in worldly pleasures

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of bhoga

bhoga - enjoyment, pleasure, experience, possession

From root bhuj (to enjoy, eat) + suffix ghañ

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction.

अस्वदमानेषु (asvadamāneṣu) - cease to be appealing (when not being relished, unappealing)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of asvadamāna

asvadamāna - not relishing, not tasting, unpalatable

Present middle participle (negated)

Negation a + svad (to taste) + śānac (middle participle).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+svadamāna)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• svadamāna – relishing, tasting, palatable, agreeable
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Middle Participle
  From root svad (to taste) with śānac suffix.
  Root: svad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with bhogeṣu. Part of locative absolute construction.

पुंसः (puṁsaḥ) - for a person (of a man, of a person)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of puṃs

puṁs - man, male, person

Note: Possessive, 'a person's ultimate good'.

श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - welfare, ultimate good, excellence, bliss

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śreyas

śreyas - ultimate good, welfare, excellence, better, preferable

Comparative form of praśasya (praiseworthy).

Note: Subject of the first clause.

पुरः (puraḥ) - forward, in front, ahead

(indeclinable)

गतम् (gatam) - progressed, moved forward (gone, reached, attained)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gata

gam - to go, move, attain

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go) + suffix kta.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Functions as predicative adjective.

क्षीणे (kṣīṇe) - when completely dispelled (when diminished, when destroyed, when dwindled)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of kṣīṇa

kṣīṇa - diminished, destroyed, wasted away, exhausted

Past Passive Participle

From root kṣi (to perish, destroy) + suffix kta.

Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Agrees with andhakāre. Part of locative absolute construction.

अन्धकारे (andhakāre) - in darkness

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of andhakāra

andhakāra - darkness

Tatpurusha compound: andha (blind) + kāra (making).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (andha+kāra)

• andha – blind
  adjective
• kāra – maker, doing, causing
  noun (masculine)
  From root kṛ (to do, make) + suffix aṇ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction.

किम् (kim) - what else? (in conjunction with anyat) (what?, why?, how?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why, how

Interrogative pronoun/adverb.

नाम (nāma) - indeed, possibly (emphatic particle) (indeed, truly, namely, by name)

(indeclinable)

मनसः (manasaḥ) - of the mind, from the mind

(noun)

neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart, consciousness

From root man (to think) + suffix as.

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Functions as an ablative of source (from the mind).

अन्यत् (anyat) - other (thing) (other, different, another)

(pronoun / adjective)

प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - could activate/arise (proceeds, advances, is active, arises)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of pravṛt

Present indicative

From root vṛt (to turn, exist) with prefix pra. Class 1, ātmanepada.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)