योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-33, verse-10

आत्मज्ञानमशेषाणां सुखदुःखदशादृशाम् ।
मूलकाषकरं तस्माद्भाव्यं तत्रातिशायिना ॥ १० ॥

ātmajñānamaśeṣāṇāṃ sukhaduḥkhadaśādṛśām ,
mūlakāṣakaraṃ tasmādbhāvyaṃ tatrātiśāyinā 10

10. आत्मज्ञानम् अशेषाणां सुखदुःखदशादृशाम्
मूलकाषकरं तस्मात् भाव्यं तत्र अतिशायिना

10. आत्मज्ञानम् अशेषाणां सुखदुःखदशादृशाम् मूलकाषकरं (भवति)तस्मात् अतिशायिना तत्र भाव्यं।

10. The knowledge of the self (ātmajñāna) is that which eradicates the root of all states of happiness and sorrow for those who experience them. Therefore, one should excel in that (ātmajñāna).

Words meanings summery:

• आत्मज्ञानम् (आत्मज्ञानम्) - knowledge of the self, self-knowledge

• अशेषाणां (अशेषाणां) - of all, of the entire, of the complete

• सुखदुःखदशादृशाम् (सुखदुःखदशादृशाम्) - of those who perceive states of happiness and sorrow

• मूलकाषकरं (मूलकाषकरं) - uprooting, destroying the root, causing the root to be rubbed away

• तस्मात् (तस्मात्) - therefore, from that

• भाव्यं (भाव्यं) - one should strive for, one should become (excellent) (should be, ought to be, must be, should become)

• तत्र (तत्र) - in that (ātmajñāna) (there, therein, in that)

• अतिशायिना (अतिशायिना) - by one who excels, by one who surpasses

Words meanings and morphology

आत्मज्ञानम् (आत्मज्ञानम्) - knowledge of the self, self-knowledge

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of आत्मज्ञान

आत्मज्ञान - knowledge of the self, self-knowledge, knowledge of the ātman

Compound type : tatpurusha (आत्मन्+ज्ञान)

• आत्मन् – self, soul, spirit, individual essence, the Supreme Soul (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
• ज्ञान – knowledge, wisdom, understanding
  noun (neuter)
  From root √jñā 'to know'.
  Root: ज्ञा (class 9)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अशेषाणां (अशेषाणां) - of all, of the entire, of the complete

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, plural of अशेष

अशेष - all, entire, complete, without remainder

From a- (negation) + śeṣa (remainder).

Compound type : tatpurusha (अ+शेष)

• अ – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix (privative a).
• शेष – remainder, rest, balance
  noun (masculine)
  From root √śiṣ 'to leave'.
  Root: शिष् (class 7)

सुखदुःखदशादृशाम् (सुखदुःखदशादृशाम्) - of those who perceive states of happiness and sorrow

(noun)

Genitive, masculine/feminine, plural of सुखदुःखदशादृश्

सुखदुःखदशादृश् - one who perceives or experiences states of happiness and sorrow

Compound of sukha, duḥkha, daśā, and dṛś.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (सुख+दुःख+दशा+दृश्)

• सुख – happiness, joy, pleasure, ease
  noun (neuter)
• दुःख – sorrow, pain, suffering, misery
  noun (neuter)
• दशा – state, condition, phase, period
  noun (feminine)
• दृश् – seeing, perceiving, one who sees
  noun (masculine/feminine)
  From root √dṛś 'to see'.
  Root: दृश् (class 1)

Note: Refers to individuals who experience these states.

मूलकाषकरं (मूलकाषकरं) - uprooting, destroying the root, causing the root to be rubbed away

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of मूलकाषकर

मूलकाषकर - uprooting, destroying the root, causing the root to be rubbed away

From mūla (root) + kaṣa (rubbing/destruction) + kara (making/causing).

Compound type : tatpurusha (मूल+काष+कर)

• मूल – root, origin, foundation, source
  noun (neuter)
• काष – rubbing, friction, destruction, testing
  noun (masculine)
  From root √kaṣ 'to rub, to scratch, to test'.
  Root: कष् (class 1)
• कर – making, causing, doing, hand, ray
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  Suffix from root √kṛ 'to do, to make'.
  Root: कृ (class 8)

Note: Predicate adjective for ātmajñānam.

तस्मात् (तस्मात्) - therefore, from that

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of demonstrative pronoun तद्, used as an adverb meaning 'therefore'.

भाव्यं (भाव्यं) - one should strive for, one should become (excellent) (should be, ought to be, must be, should become)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of भाव्य

भाव्य - what is to be, should become, ought to be produced

Future Passive Participle (Gerundive)

From root √bhū 'to be, to become'.

Root: भू (class 1)

Note: Acts as the main verb.

तत्र (तत्र) - in that (ātmajñāna) (there, therein, in that)

(indeclinable)

Locative form of तद् used adverbially.

अतिशायिना (अतिशायिना) - by one who excels, by one who surpasses

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of अतिशायिन्

अतिशायिन् - one who excels, one who surpasses, superior

Agent Noun (from Present Participle)

From ati-śī (to lie upon, to excel). अतिशय is also from this root, but अतिशायिन् is from the verbal stem अतिशायय- or directly अतिशि- with -in.

Prefix: अति

Root: शी (class 2)

Note: This अतिशायिना means 'by one who excels (in the context of self-knowledge)'.