योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-33, verse-20

तथेदममलं शान्तं त्रिजगत्संविदम्बरम् ।
इदं तत्त्वमतत्त्वादि कुतोऽत्र स्यात्कथं च वा ॥ २० ॥

tathedamamalaṃ śāntaṃ trijagatsaṃvidambaram ,
idaṃ tattvamatattvādi kuto'tra syātkathaṃ ca vā 20

20. tathā idam amalam śāntam trijagatsaṃvidambaram idam
tattvam atattva ādi kutaḥ atra syāt katham ca vā

20. tathā idam amalam śāntam trijagatsaṃvidambaram idam
tattvam atra atattva ādi kutaḥ vā katham ca syāt

20. Similarly, this pure, tranquil, consciousness which is the very expanse (ambaram) of the three worlds, this ultimate reality (tattva)—how or from where could any non-reality (atattva) possibly exist here?

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, likewise, thus

• इदम् (idam) - Refers to the ultimate reality being described. (this)

• अमलम् (amalam) - pure, spotless, stainless

• शान्तम् (śāntam) - peaceful, tranquil, calm

• त्रिजगत्संविदम्बरम् (trijagatsaṁvidambaram) - Describing the nature of Brahman or ultimate reality. (the consciousness (saṃvid) which is the expanse/sky (ambaram) of the three worlds (trijagat))

• इदम् (idam) - Refers to the ultimate reality being described. (this)

• तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - The ultimate reality, Brahman. (reality, truth, principle, ultimate nature)

• अतत्त्व (atattva) - Anything that is not the ultimate reality (Brahman). (non-reality, unreality, not the truth)

• आदि (ādi) - Non-reality and similar concepts. (beginning with, and so on, etc.)

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - From what source or origin. (whence, from where, why)

• अत्र (atra) - In this ultimate reality. (here, in this place)

• स्यात् (syāt) - Expresses possibility or potential. (may be, could be, let it be)

• कथम् (katham) - Questions the manner of existence. (how, in what manner)

• च (ca) - Connects 'kutaḥ' and 'katham'. (and)

• वा (vā) - Offers alternatives for the question 'whence OR how'. (or)

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - similarly, likewise, thus

(indeclinable)

इदम् (idam) - Refers to the ultimate reality being described. (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Acts as the subject.

अमलम् (amalam) - pure, spotless, stainless

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of amala

amala - spotless, pure, clean, stainless

From 'a-' (negation) + 'mala' (impurity)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+mala)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• mala – impurity, dirt, stain
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'idam'.

शान्तम् (śāntam) - peaceful, tranquil, calm

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śānta

śānta - peaceful, calm, tranquil, pacified

Past Passive Participle

From √śam (to be calm, to be tranquil)

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'idam'.

त्रिजगत्संविदम्बरम् (trijagatsaṁvidambaram) - Describing the nature of Brahman or ultimate reality. (the consciousness (saṃvid) which is the expanse/sky (ambaram) of the three worlds (trijagat))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of trijagatsaṃvidambara

trijagatsaṁvidambara - the expanse of consciousness of the three worlds

Compound of trijagat, saṃvid, and ambara

Compound type : tatpurusha (trijagat+saṃvid+ambara)

• trijagat – three worlds (heaven, earth, netherworld)
  noun (neuter)
  Compound of tri (three) and jagat (world)
• saṃvid – consciousness, knowledge, understanding
  noun (feminine)
  From √vid (to know) with prefix sam-
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vid (class 2)
• ambara – sky, atmosphere, space, garment
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'idam'.

इदम् (idam) - Refers to the ultimate reality being described. (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Emphasizes the subject.

तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - The ultimate reality, Brahman. (reality, truth, principle, ultimate nature)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - reality, truth, principle, essence, ultimate nature

From 'tat' (that) + 'tva' (suffix for abstract noun)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'idam'.

अतत्त्व (atattva) - Anything that is not the ultimate reality (Brahman). (non-reality, unreality, not the truth)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of atattva

atattva - non-reality, unreality, false principle

From 'a-' (negation) + 'tattva' (reality)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+tattva)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• tattva – reality, truth, principle
  noun (neuter)

Note: Part of 'atattva ādi'.

आदि (ādi) - Non-reality and similar concepts. (beginning with, and so on, etc.)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ādi

ādi - beginning, first, etc., and so on

Note: Often used as an adjective or adverbial element to mean 'etc.' or 'beginning with'. Here, it forms part of a general category.

कुतः (kutaḥ) - From what source or origin. (whence, from where, why)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

अत्र (atra) - In this ultimate reality. (here, in this place)

(indeclinable)

स्यात् (syāt) - Expresses possibility or potential. (may be, could be, let it be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Optative Active

Optative mood, 3rd person singular, from √as

Root: as (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - Questions the manner of existence. (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

च (ca) - Connects 'kutaḥ' and 'katham'. (and)

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - Offers alternatives for the question 'whence OR how'. (or)

(indeclinable)