वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-33, verse-54

ते वयं कार्यनैराश्यात् कालस्यातिक्रमेण च ।
भयाच्च कपिराजस्य प्राणांस्त्यक्तुं व्यवस्थिताः ॥५४॥

54. te vayaṃ kāryanairāśyāt kālasyātikrameṇa ca ,
bhayācca kapirājasya prāṇāṃstyaktuṃ vyavasthitāḥ.

54. te vayam kāryanairāśyāt kālasya atikrameṇa ca
bhayāt ca kapirājasya prāṇān tyaktum vyavasthitāḥ

54. te vayam kāryanairāśyāt ca kālasya atikrameṇa ca
kapirājasya bhayāt prāṇān tyaktum vyavasthitāḥ

54. Due to despair regarding our task, the passing of time, and fear of the monkey king, we are resolved to abandon our lives.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - we, those ones (referring to the monkeys) (those, they)

• वयम् (vayam) - we

• कार्यनैराश्यात् (kāryanairāśyāt) - from the despair of the task, from disappointment in the mission

• कालस्य (kālasya) - of time

• अतिक्रमेण (atikrameṇa) - due to the passing of time (by the passing, by the transgression, by the lapse)

• च (ca) - and, also

• भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear, out of fear

• च (ca) - and, also

• कपिराजस्य (kapirājasya) - of Sugrīva, the monkey king (of the king of monkeys)

• प्राणान् (prāṇān) - lives, breaths, vital airs

• त्यक्तुम् (tyaktum) - to abandon, to give up, to forsake

• व्यवस्थिताः (vyavasthitāḥ) - resolved, determined, established

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - we, those ones (referring to the monkeys) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

वयम् (vayam) - we

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

कार्यनैराश्यात् (kāryanairāśyāt) - from the despair of the task, from disappointment in the mission

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of kāryanairāśya

kāryanairāśya - despair concerning the task, hopelessness regarding the mission

Compound of kārya (task, duty) and nairāśya (despair).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kārya+nairāśya)

• kārya – to be done, duty, task, action
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  Derived from root √kṛ (to do).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• nairāśya – despair, hopelessness, disappointment
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from nirāśā (hopelessness).

कालस्य (kālasya) - of time

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, death

अतिक्रमेण (atikrameṇa) - due to the passing of time (by the passing, by the transgression, by the lapse)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of atikramaṇa

atikramaṇa - passing, transgression, exceeding, lapse

From √kram (to step) with prefix ati-.

Prefix: ati

Root: kram (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear, out of fear

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread

Root: bhī (class 3)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

कपिराजस्य (kapirājasya) - of Sugrīva, the monkey king (of the king of monkeys)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kapirāja

kapirāja - king of monkeys

Compound of kapi (monkey) and rāja (king).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kapi+rājan)

• kapi – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

प्राणान् (prāṇān) - lives, breaths, vital airs

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, life, vital air, spirit

From √an (to breathe) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: an (class 2)

त्यक्तुम् (tyaktum) - to abandon, to give up, to forsake

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of the root √tyaj (to abandon).

Root: tyaj (class 1)

व्यवस्थिताः (vyavasthitāḥ) - resolved, determined, established

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyavasthita

vyavasthita - resolved, determined, situated, established

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √sthā (to stand) with prefixes vi- and ava-.

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

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