मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-49, verse-58
वृष्ट्यावरुद्धैरभवत् स्त्रोतः खातानि निम्नगाः ।
ये पुरस्तादपां स्तोका आपन्नाः पृथिवीतले ॥५८॥
ये पुरस्तादपां स्तोका आपन्नाः पृथिवीतले ॥५८॥
58. vṛṣṭyāvaruddhairabhavat strotaḥ khātāni nimnagāḥ .
ye purastādapāṃ stokā āpannāḥ pṛthivītale.
ye purastādapāṃ stokā āpannāḥ pṛthivītale.
58.
vṛṣṭyā avaruddhaiḥ abhavat strotaḥ khātāni nimnagāḥ
ye purastāt apām stokāḥ āpannāḥ pṛthivītale
ye purastāt apām stokāḥ āpannāḥ pṛthivītale
58.
Those drops of water that had previously fallen upon the surface of the earth, by means of being obstructed by rain, transformed into streams, excavated channels, and rivers.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- वृष्ट्या (vṛṣṭyā) - by rain, due to rain
- अवरुद्धैः (avaruddhaiḥ) - by means of those things obstructed by rain (referring to the condition or elements contributing to the transformation) (by obstructed ones, by those impeded)
- अभवत् (abhavat) - became, arose
- स्त्रोतः (strotaḥ) - stream, channel, current
- खातानि (khātāni) - excavated channels, ditches
- निम्नगाः (nimnagāḥ) - rivers
- ये (ye) - which, those which
- पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - formerly, before, in front
- अपाम् (apām) - of waters
- स्तोकाः (stokāḥ) - drops
- आपन्नाः (āpannāḥ) - having fallen, having reached
- पृथिवीतले (pṛthivītale) - on the surface of the earth
Words meanings and morphology
वृष्ट्या (vṛṣṭyā) - by rain, due to rain
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of vṛṣṭi
vṛṣṭi - rain, shower
Root: vṛṣ (class 1)
अवरुद्धैः (avaruddhaiḥ) - by means of those things obstructed by rain (referring to the condition or elements contributing to the transformation) (by obstructed ones, by those impeded)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of avaruddha
avaruddha - obstructed, hindered, blocked, confined
Past Passive Participle
Derived from ava-rudh (7th class verb)
Prefix: ava
Root: rudh (class 7)
Note: Used adverbially here, describing the state or means.
अभवत् (abhavat) - became, arose
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of bhū
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Used with multiple subjects of varying numbers, possibly as an impersonal 'there came into being'.
स्त्रोतः (strotaḥ) - stream, channel, current
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of srotas
srotas - stream, current, channel, river
Root: sru (class 1)
खातानि (khātāni) - excavated channels, ditches
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, plural of khāta
khāta - ditch, trench, excavated channel
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root khan (1st class verb)
Root: khan (class 1)
निम्नगाः (nimnagāḥ) - rivers
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, plural of nimnagā
nimnagā - river (lit. going down into a low place)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nimna+gā)
- nimna – low, deep
adjective - gā – going, moving
adjective (feminine)
feminine form of 'ga'
Root: gam (class 1)
ये (ye) - which, those which
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of yad
yad - which, what
पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - formerly, before, in front
(indeclinable)
अपाम् (apām) - of waters
(noun)
Genitive, feminine, plural of ap
ap - water
स्तोकाः (stokāḥ) - drops
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of stoka
stoka - drop, droplet
आपन्नाः (āpannāḥ) - having fallen, having reached
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of āpanna
āpanna - fallen, reached, obtained, having arrived
Past Passive Participle
Derived from ā-pad (4th class verb)
Prefix: ā
Root: pad (class 4)
पृथिवीतले (pṛthivītale) - on the surface of the earth
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of pṛthivītala
pṛthivītala - earth's surface, ground
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pṛthivī+tala)
- pṛthivī – earth, ground
noun (feminine) - tala – surface, flat ground, level
noun (neuter)