मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-49, verse-2
यथा च वर्णानसृजद्यद् गुणाश्च महामते ।
यच्च येषां स्मृतं कर्म विप्रादीनां वदस्व तत् ॥२॥
यच्च येषां स्मृतं कर्म विप्रादीनां वदस्व तत् ॥२॥
2. yathā ca varṇānasṛjadyad guṇāśca mahāmate .
yacca yeṣāṃ smṛtaṃ karma viprādīnāṃ vadasva tat.
yacca yeṣāṃ smṛtaṃ karma viprādīnāṃ vadasva tat.
2.
yathā ca varṇān asṛjat yat guṇāḥ ca mahāmate
yat ca yeṣām smṛtam karma viprādīnām vadasva tat
yat ca yeṣām smṛtam karma viprādīnām vadasva tat
2.
O great-minded one, please tell how he created the social classes (varṇas) and what qualities they possessed. Also, explain what actions (karma) are prescribed for Brahmins and the other social classes.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यथा (yathā) - as, how, just as
- च (ca) - and, also, moreover
- वर्णान् (varṇān) - social classes (social classes, colors, castes)
- असृजत् (asṛjat) - he created, he released
- यत् (yat) - what, which, that
- गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities, virtues, strands (of prakṛti)
- च (ca) - and, also, moreover
- महामते (mahāmate) - O great-minded one, O intelligent one
- यत् (yat) - what, which, that
- च (ca) - and, also, moreover
- येषाम् (yeṣām) - for them (referring to the varṇas) (of whom, to whom, for whom)
- स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - remembered, prescribed, traditional
- कर्म (karma) - duties, prescribed actions (action, deed, duty, fate, ritual (karma))
- विप्रादीनाम् (viprādīnām) - of Brahmins and others, of those beginning with Brahmins
- वदस्व (vadasva) - tell, speak, say
- तत् (tat) - that, therefore, then
Words meanings and morphology
यथा (yathā) - as, how, just as
(indeclinable)
च (ca) - and, also, moreover
(indeclinable)
वर्णान् (varṇān) - social classes (social classes, colors, castes)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of varṇa
varṇa - social class, color, caste
Root: vṛ (class 5)
असृजत् (asṛjat) - he created, he released
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of sṛj
imperfect form with augment 'a-' prefix
Root: sṛj (class 6)
Note: Augment 'a' indicates past tense.
यत् (yat) - what, which, that
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of yad
yad - what, which, that (relative pronoun)
Note: Could also be accusative singular. Here it refers to 'guṇāḥ' (qualities) and 'karma' (actions).
गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities, virtues, strands (of prakṛti)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇa
guṇa - quality, virtue, strand, constituent (of prakṛti)
च (ca) - and, also, moreover
(indeclinable)
महामते (mahāmate) - O great-minded one, O intelligent one
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of mahāmat
mahāmat - great-minded, intelligent
compound of mahā (great) and mat (mind)
Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+mat)
- mahā – great, large
adjective (feminine) - mat – mind, intelligence
noun (feminine)
from man 'to think'
Root: man (class 4)
Note: Vocative form of mahāmat (adjective meaning 'great-minded'), often used as a noun here.
यत् (yat) - what, which, that
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of yad
yad - what, which, that (relative pronoun)
Note: Could also be accusative singular. Here it refers to 'guṇāḥ' (qualities) and 'karma' (actions).
च (ca) - and, also, moreover
(indeclinable)
येषाम् (yeṣām) - for them (referring to the varṇas) (of whom, to whom, for whom)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of yad
yad - what, which, that (relative pronoun)
Note: Null gender_default for pronouns implies it takes on the gender of the referent.
स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - remembered, prescribed, traditional
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of smṛta
smṛta - remembered, prescribed, traditional
Past Passive Participle
derived from root smṛ
Root: smṛ (class 1)
Note: Agrees with karma.
कर्म (karma) - duties, prescribed actions (action, deed, duty, fate, ritual (karma))
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of karman
karman - action, deed, duty, fate, ritual (karma)
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: The word 'karma' itself.
विप्रादीनाम् (viprādīnām) - of Brahmins and others, of those beginning with Brahmins
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of viprādī
viprādī - Brahmin and others
formed with 'ādi' (etc.) suffix
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vipra+ādi)
- vipra – Brahmin, twice-born
noun (masculine) - ādi – beginning, etcetera
noun (masculine)
Note: Refers to the four varṇas: Brāhmaṇa, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya, Śūdra.
वदस्व (vadasva) - tell, speak, say
(verb)
2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of vad
from root vad
Root: vad (class 1)
Note: Forms like vadasva are common in narrative texts for 'please tell'.
तत् (tat) - that, therefore, then
(pronoun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, this
Note: Refers to the information requested.