मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-49, verse-39
द्वे वितस्ती तथा हस्तो ब्राह्म्यतीर्थादिवेष्टनः ।
चतुर्हस्तं धनुर्दण्डो नाडिकार्युगमेव च ॥३९॥
चतुर्हस्तं धनुर्दण्डो नाडिकार्युगमेव च ॥३९॥
39. dve vitastī tathā hasto brāhmyatīrthādiveṣṭanaḥ .
caturhastaṃ dhanurdaṇḍo nāḍikāryugameva ca.
caturhastaṃ dhanurdaṇḍo nāḍikāryugameva ca.
39.
dve vitastī tathā hastaḥ brāhmya-tīrtha-ādi-veṣṭanaḥ
catuḥ-hastam dhanuḥ-daṇḍaḥ nāḍikārī yugam eva ca
catuḥ-hastam dhanuḥ-daṇḍaḥ nāḍikārī yugam eva ca
39.
Two spans (vitasti) make one cubit (hasta), which is measured up to the sacred region (brāhmya-tīrtha-ādi) of the hand. Four cubits (hasta) form a bow-staff (dhanurdaṇḍa), and a nāḍikārī and a yuga are also considered to be this length.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- द्वे (dve) - two
- वितस्ती (vitastī) - two spans (vitasti) (two spans)
- तथा (tathā) - and (thus, so, in that manner, similarly)
- हस्तः (hastaḥ) - one cubit (hasta) (a cubit, a hand)
- ब्राह्म्य-तीर्थ-आदि-वेष्टनः (brāhmya-tīrtha-ādi-veṣṭanaḥ) - which is measured up to the sacred region (brāhmya-tīrtha-ādi) of the hand (encompassing the sacred tīrtha and so on, pertaining to the sacred circumference)
- चतुः-हस्तम् (catuḥ-hastam) - four cubits
- धनुः-दण्डः (dhanuḥ-daṇḍaḥ) - a bow-staff (dhanurdaṇḍa) (a bow-staff, a staff equal to a bow's length)
- नाडिकारी (nāḍikārī) - a nāḍikārī (measure) (a type of measure or reed/pipe)
- युगम् (yugam) - a yuga (measure) (a yoke, a pair, an age, a measure of distance (often 4 cubits))
- एव (eva) - also (exactly, only, even, certainly)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
Words meanings and morphology
द्वे (dve) - two
(numeral)
Note: Agrees with vitastī.
वितस्ती (vitastī) - two spans (vitasti) (two spans)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, dual of vitasti
vitasti - a span, a measure equal to twelve angulas
तथा (tathā) - and (thus, so, in that manner, similarly)
(indeclinable)
हस्तः (hastaḥ) - one cubit (hasta) (a cubit, a hand)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of hasta
hasta - hand, arm, cubit (measure from elbow to fingertip)
ब्राह्म्य-तीर्थ-आदि-वेष्टनः (brāhmya-tīrtha-ādi-veṣṭanaḥ) - which is measured up to the sacred region (brāhmya-tīrtha-ādi) of the hand (encompassing the sacred tīrtha and so on, pertaining to the sacred circumference)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmyatīrthādiveṣṭana
brāhmyatīrthādiveṣṭana - relating to the sacred tīrtha and other encirclements/measurements
Compound describing the hasta
Compound type : Tatpurusha (brāhmya+tīrtha+ādi+veṣṭana)
- brāhmya – divine, sacred, relating to Brahma or a Brahmin
adjective - tīrtha – sacred bathing place, ford, holy spot (on the hand for rituals)
noun (neuter) - ādi – beginning, and so on, etcetera
indeclinable - veṣṭana – encompassing, surrounding, circumference, measure
noun (neuter)
Derived from √veṣṭ (to encompass)
Root: √veṣṭ (class 1)
Note: Qualifies hastaḥ.
चतुः-हस्तम् (catuḥ-hastam) - four cubits
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of caturhasta
caturhasta - having four cubits, four cubits long
Compound type : Dvigu (catur+hasta)
- catur – four
numeral - hasta – cubit, hand
noun (masculine)
Note: Agrees with dhanurdaṇḍaḥ.
धनुः-दण्डः (dhanuḥ-daṇḍaḥ) - a bow-staff (dhanurdaṇḍa) (a bow-staff, a staff equal to a bow's length)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanurdaṇḍa
dhanurdaṇḍa - a staff of the length of a bow (which is typically four cubits)
Compound type : Tatpurusha (dhanus+daṇḍa)
- dhanus – bow
noun (neuter) - daṇḍa – staff, rod, stick
noun (masculine)
Note: Predicate nominative.
नाडिकारी (nāḍikārī) - a nāḍikārī (measure) (a type of measure or reed/pipe)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of nāḍikārī
nāḍikārī - a specific measure of length (often associated with 4 hastas in traditional texts), or a reed/pipe
युगम् (yugam) - a yuga (measure) (a yoke, a pair, an age, a measure of distance (often 4 cubits))
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of yuga
yuga - yoke, pair, age, period, measure of distance (e.g. 4 hastas)
Root: √yuj (class 7)
Note: Predicate nominative alongside nāḍikārī.
एव (eva) - also (exactly, only, even, certainly)
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphatic particle.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction.