मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-49, verse-40
धनुषां द्वे सहस्रे तु गव्यूतिस्तच्चतुर्गुणम् ।
प्रोक्तञ्च योजवनं प्राज्ञैः संख्यानार्थमिदं परम् ॥४०॥
प्रोक्तञ्च योजवनं प्राज्ञैः संख्यानार्थमिदं परम् ॥४०॥
40. dhanuṣāṃ dve sahasre tu gavyūtistaccaturguṇam .
proktañca yojavanaṃ prājñaiḥ saṃkhyānārthamidaṃ param.
proktañca yojavanaṃ prājñaiḥ saṃkhyānārthamidaṃ param.
40.
dhanuṣām dve sahasre tu gavyūtiḥ tat ca caturguṇam
proktam ca yojanam prājñaiḥ saṃkhyāna-artham idam param
proktam ca yojanam prājñaiḥ saṃkhyāna-artham idam param
40.
Indeed, two thousand bow-lengths (dhanurdaṇḍa) constitute one `gavyūti`. And that (gavyūti) multiplied by four is declared by the wise as a `yojana`. This entire system is for the purpose of enumeration and is considered paramount.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- धनुषाम् (dhanuṣām) - of bow-lengths (dhanurdaṇḍa) (of bows, of bow-lengths)
- द्वे (dve) - two
- सहस्रे (sahasre) - thousands (two thousands) (thousands)
- तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)
- गव्यूतिः (gavyūtiḥ) - a gavyūti (measure) (a gavyūti (measure of distance, approx. 2 krosas or 8000 cubits))
- तत् (tat) - that (gavyūti) (that, it)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- चतुर्गुणम् (caturguṇam) - multiplied by four (four-fold, four times)
- प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - is declared (declared, said, proclaimed)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- योजनम् (yojanam) - a yojana (measure) (a yojana (measure of distance, 4 gavyūti or 8 krosas))
- प्राज्ञैः (prājñaiḥ) - by the wise (by the wise, by the learned, by the intelligent)
- संख्यान-अर्थम् (saṁkhyāna-artham) - for the purpose of enumeration (for the purpose of counting/enumeration/calculation)
- इदम् (idam) - this (system) (this)
- परम् (param) - paramount (next, subsequent, superior, paramount, ultimate)
Words meanings and morphology
धनुषाम् (dhanuṣām) - of bow-lengths (dhanurdaṇḍa) (of bows, of bow-lengths)
(noun)
Genitive, neuter, plural of dhanus
dhanus - bow, arc, a measure of length (same as dhanurdaṇḍa, 4 hastas)
द्वे (dve) - two
(numeral)
Note: Agreeing with sahasre.
सहस्रे (sahasre) - thousands (two thousands) (thousands)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, dual of sahasra
sahasra - a thousand
तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphatic particle.
गव्यूतिः (gavyūtiḥ) - a gavyūti (measure) (a gavyūti (measure of distance, approx. 2 krosas or 8000 cubits))
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of gavyūti
gavyūti - a measure of distance, commonly taken as 2 krosas, equivalent to about two miles or 8000 hastas (cubits)
तत् (tat) - that (gavyūti) (that, it)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, it
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction.
चतुर्गुणम् (caturguṇam) - multiplied by four (four-fold, four times)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of caturguṇa
caturguṇa - fourfold, four times
Compound type : Dvigu (catur+guṇa)
- catur – four
numeral - guṇa – quality, attribute, fold, times
noun (masculine)
Note: Qualifies yojanam or implied 'measure'.
प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - is declared (declared, said, proclaimed)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of prokta
prokta - spoken, said, declared
Past Passive Participle
Formed from pra-√vac + kta
Prefix: pra
Root: √vac (class 2)
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction.
योजनम् (yojanam) - a yojana (measure) (a yojana (measure of distance, 4 gavyūti or 8 krosas))
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of yojana
yojana - a yoke, a league, a measure of distance (often 4 gavyūti or 8 krosas)
Root: √yuj (class 7)
प्राज्ञैः (prājñaiḥ) - by the wise (by the wise, by the learned, by the intelligent)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of prājña
prājña - wise, learned, intelligent
From pra-jñā (to know well)
Prefix: pra
Root: √jñā (class 9)
संख्यान-अर्थम् (saṁkhyāna-artham) - for the purpose of enumeration (for the purpose of counting/enumeration/calculation)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of saṃkhyānārtha
saṁkhyānārtha - for the sake of calculation or enumeration
Compound type : Tatpurusha (saṃkhyāna+artha)
- saṃkhyāna – counting, numbering, enumeration, calculation
noun (neuter)
Derived from saṃ-khyā (to count)
Prefix: sam
Root: √khyā (class 2) - artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth
noun (masculine)
इदम् (idam) - this (system) (this)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of idam
idam - this
परम् (param) - paramount (next, subsequent, superior, paramount, ultimate)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of para
para - other, next, distant, subsequent, supreme, excellent, paramount
Note: Refers to idam.