मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-49, verse-44
योजनार्धार्धविष्कम्भमष्टभागायतं पुरम् ।
प्रागुदक्प्रवणं शस्तं शुद्धवंशबहिर्गमम् ॥४४॥
प्रागुदक्प्रवणं शस्तं शुद्धवंशबहिर्गमम् ॥४४॥
44. yojanārdhārdhaviṣkambhamaṣṭabhāgāyataṃ puram .
prāgudakpravaṇaṃ śastaṃ śuddhavaṃśabahirgamam.
prāgudakpravaṇaṃ śastaṃ śuddhavaṃśabahirgamam.
44.
yojana-ardha-ardha-viṣkambham aṣṭa-bhāga-āyatam puram
| prāk-udak-pravaṇam śastam śuddha-vaṃśa-bahir-gamam
| prāk-udak-pravaṇam śastam śuddha-vaṃśa-bahir-gamam
44.
A city (pura) measuring one-quarter of a Yojana in width and eight parts in length, which slopes towards the northeast, is considered excellent, especially if it has exits (or pathways) for noble families (śuddha-vaṃśa).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- योजन-अर्ध-अर्ध-विष्कम्भम् (yojana-ardha-ardha-viṣkambham) - indicating the specific width measurement of the city (measuring one-quarter of a Yojana in width)
- अष्ट-भाग-आयतम् (aṣṭa-bhāga-āyatam) - specifying the length of the city as eight parts (often understood as eight parts of the width or some other base unit, implying a rectangle) (eight parts in length)
- पुरम् (puram) - the city being described (a city, town, fortress)
- प्राक्-उदक्-प्रवणम् (prāk-udak-pravaṇam) - having a gentle slope in the northeast direction, considered auspicious for construction (sloping towards the northeast)
- शस्तम् (śastam) - considered auspicious and good for construction (praised, excellent, auspicious, recommended)
- शुद्ध-वंश-बहिर्-गमम् (śuddha-vaṁśa-bahir-gamam) - an ideal characteristic for a city, ensuring proper access for high-status families. (having exits for pure lineages, with pathways for noble families)
Words meanings and morphology
योजन-अर्ध-अर्ध-विष्कम्भम् (yojana-ardha-ardha-viṣkambham) - indicating the specific width measurement of the city (measuring one-quarter of a Yojana in width)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of yojana-ardha-ardha-viṣkambha
yojana-ardha-ardha-viṣkambha - having a width of one-quarter of a yojana
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yojana+ardha+ardha+viṣkambha)
- yojana – a measure of distance (approx. 8-10 miles)
noun (neuter) - ardha – half
noun (neuter) - ardha – half
noun (neuter) - viṣkambha – width, diameter, extent
noun (masculine)
upasarga vi + root skambh
Prefix: vi
Root: skambh (class 1)
Note: qualifies puram
अष्ट-भाग-आयतम् (aṣṭa-bhāga-āyatam) - specifying the length of the city as eight parts (often understood as eight parts of the width or some other base unit, implying a rectangle) (eight parts in length)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of aṣṭa-bhāga-āyata
aṣṭa-bhāga-āyata - measuring eight parts in length, having eight parts as length
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aṣṭa+bhāga+āyata)
- aṣṭa – eight
numeral - bhāga – part, share, portion
noun (masculine) - āyata – long, extended, stretched, broad
adjective
Past Passive Participle
upasarga ā + root yat + kta
Prefix: ā
Root: yat (class 1)
Note: qualifies puram
पुरम् (puram) - the city being described (a city, town, fortress)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of pura
pura - city, town, fortress, stronghold
Note: subject of the sentence
प्राक्-उदक्-प्रवणम् (prāk-udak-pravaṇam) - having a gentle slope in the northeast direction, considered auspicious for construction (sloping towards the northeast)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of prāk-udak-pravaṇa
prāk-udak-pravaṇa - sloping towards the northeast
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāc+udac+pravaṇa)
- prāc – east, eastern
adjective (feminine) - udac – north, northern
adjective (feminine) - pravaṇa – sloping, inclined, prone, devoted to
adjective (neuter)
upasarga pra + root vaṇ (to go, move)
Prefix: pra
Root: vaṇ (class 1)
Note: qualifies puram
शस्तम् (śastam) - considered auspicious and good for construction (praised, excellent, auspicious, recommended)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of śasta
śasta - praised, excellent, auspicious, good, recommended
Past Passive Participle
root śaṃs + kta
Root: śaṃs (class 1)
Note: qualifies puram
शुद्ध-वंश-बहिर्-गमम् (śuddha-vaṁśa-bahir-gamam) - an ideal characteristic for a city, ensuring proper access for high-status families. (having exits for pure lineages, with pathways for noble families)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of śuddha-vaṃśa-bahir-gama
śuddha-vaṁśa-bahir-gama - having exits/outlets for pure/noble families
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śuddha+vaṃśa+bahis+gama)
- śuddha – pure, clean, unsullied, faultless
adjective
Past Passive Participle
root śudh + kta
Root: śudh (class 4) - vaṃśa – bamboo, family, lineage, race, dynasty
noun (masculine) - bahis – outward, outside, external
indeclinable - gama – going, moving, an exit, a path
noun (masculine)
root gam + ac
Root: gam (class 1)
Note: qualifies puram