मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-49, verse-9
मासि मास्यार्तवं यत् तु न तदासीत्तु योषिताम् ।
तस्मात्तदा न सुषुवुः सेवितैरपि मैथुनैः ॥९॥
तस्मात्तदा न सुषुवुः सेवितैरपि मैथुनैः ॥९॥
9. māsi māsyārtavaṃ yat tu na tadāsīttu yoṣitām .
tasmāttadā na suṣuvuḥ sevitairapi maithunaiḥ.
tasmāttadā na suṣuvuḥ sevitairapi maithunaiḥ.
9.
māsi māsi ārtavam yat tu na tadā āsīt tu yoṣitām
tasmāt tadā na suṣuvuḥ sevitaiḥ api maithunaiḥ
tasmāt tadā na suṣuvuḥ sevitaiḥ api maithunaiḥ
9.
The menstrual cycle, which occurs monthly, was not present in women at that time. Therefore, even though they engaged in sexual union, they did not give birth then.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- मासि (māsi) - every month (due to reduplication) (in the month)
- मासि (māsi) - every month (due to reduplication) (in the month)
- आर्तवम् (ārtavam) - menstrual cycle (menstrual discharge, menstruation)
- यत् (yat) - which (which, what)
- तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)
- न (na) - not (not, no)
- तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)
- आसीत् (āsīt) - was present (was, existed)
- तु (tu) - indeed (emphatic) (but, indeed, however)
- योषिताम् (yoṣitām) - in women (of women)
- तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)
- तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)
- न (na) - not (not, no)
- सुषुवुः (suṣuvuḥ) - they gave birth (they gave birth, bore)
- सेवितैः (sevitaiḥ) - even though engaged in (by them) (by those engaged in, served by)
- अपि (api) - even though (also, even, although)
- मैथुनैः (maithunaiḥ) - by sexual unions (by sexual intercourse, by unions)
Words meanings and morphology
मासि (māsi) - every month (due to reduplication) (in the month)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of māsa
māsa - month, moon
Note: Reduplicated for 'every month'.
मासि (māsi) - every month (due to reduplication) (in the month)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of māsa
māsa - month, moon
Note: Reduplicated for 'every month'.
आर्तवम् (ārtavam) - menstrual cycle (menstrual discharge, menstruation)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of ārtava
ārtava - seasonal; menstrual flux, menstruation; offspring
Derived from `ṛtu` (season) + `aṇ` suffix.
Note: Subject of the first clause.
यत् (yat) - which (which, what)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of yad
yad - which, what, that
Note: Refers to `ārtavam`.
तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)
(indeclinable)
Note: Introduces a contrast.
न (na) - not (not, no)
(indeclinable)
Note: Negates the verb `āsīt`.
तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)
(indeclinable)
Derived from `tad` (that).
Note: Refers to the period described in the previous verses.
आसीत् (āsīt) - was present (was, existed)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of as
Imperfect tense
From root `as` (to be).
Root: as (class 2)
Note: Predicate for `ārtavam`.
तु (tu) - indeed (emphatic) (but, indeed, however)
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphasizes the negative.
योषिताम् (yoṣitām) - in women (of women)
(noun)
Genitive, feminine, plural of yoṣit
yoṣit - woman, female
From root `yuṣ` (to be united).
Root: yuṣ (class 4)
Note: Possessive or indicating relation ('in women').
तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)
(pronoun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Indicates reason or consequence.
तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)
(indeclinable)
Derived from `tad` (that).
Note: Refers to the same period.
न (na) - not (not, no)
(indeclinable)
Note: Negates the verb `suṣuvuḥ`.
सुषुवुः (suṣuvuḥ) - they gave birth (they gave birth, bore)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of sū
Perfect tense
Reduplicated root. From `sū` (to produce, bear).
Root: sū (class 2)
Note: Subject is implied (the women/couples).
सेवितैः (sevitaiḥ) - even though engaged in (by them) (by those engaged in, served by)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of sevita
sevita - served, attended, practised, engaged in
Past Passive Participle
From root `sev` (to serve, attend, practice).
Root: sev (class 1)
Note: Describes the women's action of engaging in sexual intercourse.
अपि (api) - even though (also, even, although)
(indeclinable)
Note: Intensifies the concessive meaning with `sevitaiḥ`.
मैथुनैः (maithunaiḥ) - by sexual unions (by sexual intercourse, by unions)
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, plural of maithuna
maithuna - sexual intercourse, coupling, union
From `mithuna` (pair) + suffix `a`.
Note: The means by which they 'engaged'.